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- . Provide an explanation for the fact that a-D-mannose is more stable than B-D-mannose, whereas the opposite is true for glucose.The compound below, doxorubicin, is a substrate for p-glycoprotein. Cancer cells with a higher expression of P-gp (more P-gp protein per cell) than normal cells were treated with doxorubicin. What would be the expected observation? o= 0= OH O OH HCI OH -OH NH₂ & OH more doxorubicin inside the cell doxorubicin would be oxidized doxorubicin would have more cytotoxic effect on these cancer cells less doxorubicin inside the cellThe isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) is catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase. In the cell, the concentration ratio of DHAP/GAP = 5.5. Calculate [DHAP] (in M) when [GAP] = 0.00002
- what possible outcome may be produced when the molecular weight of an alcohol antiseptic is increase to a C20, will it still be effective? Explain your answerThe enzyme mutase which is important for the synthetic of tyrosine and phenylalanine in saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as an example of an allosteric enzyme. Tyrosine acts as a negative effector for this enzyme. What effects would you see on the action of the enzyme were you to increase the concentration of tyrosine? The chorismate mutase would shift to its R conformation The curve showing the kinetics or chorismate mutase would shift to the right The curve showing the kinetics of chorismate mutase would shift to the left The chorismate mutase would become saturated more rapidlyWhich of these heterocyclic drugs is likely to be the least soluble in water? Use the Fsp³ parameter to decide. OH Tramadol Chemical Formula: C16H25NO2 YOUR OW Pantoprazole Torasemide Chemical Formula: C16H15F2N3O4S Chemical Formula: C16H20N4O3S Temazepam -OH Chemical Formula: C16H13CIN₂O2 Tioconazole Chemical Formula: C16H13C3N₂OS A. Tramadol B. Pantoprazole C. Torasemide D. Temazepam E. Toconazole
- Describe in detail synthesis route (home-cooking recipe) of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine. What supplies and ingredients are needed and where could one get these ingredients from? How easy would it be to synthesize methamphetamine in a home-made laboratory. Provide sources as well.In some organisms, isoleucine can be synthesized in a multi-step procedure (a series of enzymatic reactions), beginning with a molecule of threonine. Keeping that in mind explain the experimental results below. Amount of endproduct Activity of threonine (isoleucine) deaminase None Low Medium High Very high High Moderate Very lowBelow is a plot of Vo vs. [S] for a specific allosteric enzyme under different conditions. Which of the following best describes the graph? 4 (S] O Adding a positive modulator to #2 would result in curve 3. Curve 1 represents maximum inhibition. Line 4 is valid exclusively for curves 1 and 2. Adding a positive modulator to #1 would result in curve 2. O Curve 3 represents the effect of a negative modulator added to curve 2.
- We want to measure the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) present in a serum. The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is: Reaction 1: +H3N- glutamate H C CH₂ CH₂ COO -COO + pyruvate CH3 C=0 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 : 550 µL 1.2 M alanine : 100 μL CH3 time (min) A340 COO COO™ pyruvate lactate dehydrogenase* (LDH, 300 µg.mL-¹): 50 μL 1.5 mM NADH: 200 μL 0.04 M a-ketoglutarate: 500 μL serum containing ALAT: 600 μL The enzyme reaction is realized in the following conditions: In a 1 cm-cuvette are added: 0 0.915 ALAT NADH + H+ LDH a-cétoglutarate COO * Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reduces pyruvate into lactate, with the concomitant oxydation of NADH. This allows to indirectly measure the amount of product formed. Reaction 2: NAD+ 1 0.741 C=O H CH₂ CH₂ COO™ CH3 C-OH COO lactate The reaction is performed at 25 °C and the absorbance at 340 nm is monitored every minute, for 5 min. The absorbance values are given in the table below: Data: alanine ENADH at 340 nm = 6220 M¹.cm1. One…Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, such as edrophonium, are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate for acetylcholinesterase is acetylcholine. Structures are attached. What kind of inhibitor is edrophonium? Explain. Can inhibition by edrophonium be overcome in vitro by increasing the substrate concentration? Explain. Does this inhibitor bind reversibly or irreversibly to the enzyme? Explain.4. a. Calculate the KM (Michaelis constant) and the vmax (the maximum initial rate) for both substrates (sphingosine and ATP). Show your work, and be careful about units. b. threo-dihydrosphingosine, a stereoisomer of sphingosine, is an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase. What kind of inhibitor (competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive) is threo-dihydrosphingosine? Citing information from the Lineweaver-Burke plots, explain how you can tell.