Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study

The communities that are hit most by Type-II diabetes are the low-income urban areas. The fact is that living in poverty can double or even triple the likelihood of developing the disease. Living conditions are linked to social determinants of health. For example the strain of being short on money, living in inadequate housing, and not having enough money to get the pre screenings required for treating the condition. Being born into a low-income family may mean worse health later in life. Simply put, the recommended fresh fruits and vegetables simply aren’t available to the low income. Forcing them to choose between paying rent and eating a healthful diet just doesn’t work.

Creatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in “1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat” (Demant & Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys “from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine” for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, & Asadi, 2011). Creatine is either converted into free form Cr or phosphorylated form as known as creatine phosphate (CP). The endogenous production and exogenous consumption of Cr yields about 1 gram a day for the average person (Cooper, Naclerio, Allfrove , & Jimenez, 2012). In

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I will compare and contrast Creatine from chapter 11 and an article I read from WebMD. In chapter 11 Creatine is stated that it can help athletes recover from broken bones and help rebuild muscles after the cast has been removed. In the WebMD however it says that Creatine can be used by anyone who is healthy but it has side effects like; weight gain, fever, rash, stomach upset, fatigue headache, breathing difficulty and anxiety. The book in chapter 11 supports well developed athletes into taking Creatine. Where in the article it supports anyone how is healthy can take the supplements and use it correctly and not just only supports well developed athletes into Creatine.

In recent years, oral supplements of creatine monohydrate have become "increasingly popular among different athletes for use as a natural ergogenic aid (Stout et al., 1999). A surge in the use of creatine began in 1992, when "Harris et al showed that oral supplementation with high doses of creatine

This question warrants investigation as T2DM is a gateway disease. Overtime, the disease progresses to affect other bodily functions, harming both an individual’s physical and psychological well-being. For example, T2DM is responsible for higher risks of neuropathy, low bone density, hypertension, heart disease, lower limb amputations and vision and hearing loss, as well as psychological disorders such as depression and dementia. According to 2015 statistics from the American Diabetes Association, T2DM is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States, contributing to 332,341 US deaths. However, treatments that address the causes of T2DM are more prudent than current treatments which focus on mitigating the complications that arise

The criteria for articles chosen was that each piece of research needed to involved the intake of CR, and being physically or athletically tested pre and post ingestion of CR with no other supplementation, steroid, or health related drugs involved. All research articles were double blind with placebo groups to prevent the effects of bias and placebo effects. All research was done within the previous 16 years and a balance of gender was aimed for in order to be unbiased but resources were mainly male orientated. Time period was not contained as a variety of short and long term supplementation is good to compare the different effects of sports performance over different durations of supplementation. Age of subjects in experiment weren’t

This supplement is utilized by countless athletes as well as common individuals seeking to appear fit. Creatine is produced naturally by muscles, utilized for energy production. This Ergogenic Aids increases total body muscle mass as well as improves high intensity workout performance such as sprinting. However potentially harmful side effects concerning creatine are still considered. “Creatine appears to be generally safe, although when it is taken at high doses there is the potential for serious side effects, such as kidney damage. High doses may also stop the body from making its own creatine” (Ehrlich, 2014). Unnfrotially high doses may cause unforgiving Kidney complications therefore moderate daily consumption is recomeded for safety along with maximum potential. Although Creaine obtains safety concerns the supplement is legal among professional baseball players. Therefore recommending this product to pinch runners is suitable. In addition, commonly athletes consume creatine yet proper utilization is imperative for

This essay will focus on type 2 diabetes, which is becoming one of the fast growing chronic health conditions in the United Kingdom (UK). Approximately 700 people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each day in the UK (Diabetes Uk, (2014)a). It is costing the NHS about £10billion pounds each year to treat diabetes along with its complication and it is expected to rise in the next couple of years (Diabetes UK, (2014)b).

Creatine is a natural substance that occurs in the body, it is also a supplement that has been tested by numerus athletes over the years to see whether it has a positive effect on performance. However, there is anecdotal evidence that suggests creatine supplementation may be the cause of negative side effects such as dehydration, the increase of muscle cramping and an increase in blood pressure. One way the supplementation of creatine can improve performance is by aiding the resynthesise ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores within the body in order to produce energy at a quicker rate therefore the most common athletes to take creatine are high intensity power athletes who are repeated actions multiple times. Such as those doing long distance events such as cycling, swimming and running, it may also be used as a way of recovery for sprinters. A study carried out by Kreider R.B et al. (1998) concluded that there were increases in the performance of isotonic lifting and sprinting during agility after taking creatine supplements. Although creatine has been believed to help recovery, research undertaken by Stroud et al. (1994), would suggest that there was no difference in the recovery periods. This review of literature will examine as to whether creatine should be recommended to athletes based on current research.

For my question, I wanted to further develop and question for the health benefits and changes that happen to the human body under creatine supplementation. Creatine is starting to become more and more popular as a supplementation for athletes and exercise enthusiasts who want an increased advantage in their physical activities. Many websites and health magazines state recommend taking creatine for its health and exercise supplementation benefits. Due to popularity increase it now being widely used as a supplement by itself and as an extremely popular ingredient in pre-workout with amounts unknown due to the FDA not having any quality control over health supplementation. Through this paper 3 peer-reviewed articles will be critiqued to determine the cost-benefit analysis of creatine supplementation on the human body and if it has any effect on performance.

The use of supplements is a common thing in today’s modern world, specifically in the athletic one. Every athlete is looking for a new way to enhance performance whether it be through vitamins, enhancers, supplements, and so on. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the supplement that most athletes use, which is known as creatine, and to see if it has any benefits or none at all.

Bckground While modern lifestyles and medical care have certainly improved the longevity of humans in the developed world, and contributed to a greater quality of life scenario, those same lifestyles have engendered a number of issues that contribute to disease. Lack of proper diet, fast food, high fat and carbohydrate diets without adequate fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol contribute to an epidemic of obesity which, in turn, contributes to a serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular issues, and even cognitive dysfunction.

Over the last decade, thousands of articles have been written about creatine side effects in scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet. The reason for this interest is that creatine supplements have proven to be one of the most effective methods available to increase strength, power, and muscle mass. Moreover, a number of potential therapeutic creatine benefits have been suggested for various patient populations. Despite this impressive body of research, concerns have been raised about the safety of creatine side effects and ethics of athletes taking performance-enhancing nutritional supplements. While a number of very good reviews have been published about creatine side effects in the scientific literature, a significant amount of misinformation has been written about creatine side effects, particularly in the popular media. Additionally, several nutritional supplement companies have attempted to gain market share by perpetuating some of these creatine side effect myths. The result is that people are often confused about the potential creatine benefits and risks of creatine supplements.

Type 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but also not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes.