For my question, I wanted to further develop and question for the health benefits and changes that happen to the human body under creatine supplementation. Creatine is starting to become more and more popular as a supplementation for athletes and exercise enthusiasts who want an increased advantage in their physical activities. Many websites and health magazines state recommend taking creatine for its health and exercise supplementation benefits. Due to popularity increase it now being widely used as a supplement by itself and as an extremely popular ingredient in pre-workout with amounts unknown due to the FDA not having any quality control over health supplementation. Through this paper 3 peer-reviewed articles will be critiqued to determine the cost-benefit analysis of creatine supplementation on the human body and if it has any effect on performance.
Before the critique of the article continues it is important to look at the way creatine works in the body and its reported benefits. The majority of creatine is can be found in almost all of the human body 's skeletal muscle with the minority be found in the brain, kidneys, pancreas, and testes. Terjun et al. states that production of creatine is supplemented by three key amino acids; aminotransferase, arginine, and glycine and synthesized in the pancreas and liver (2). From there it transferred through the circulatory system into the muscles for ATP activation using the phosphocreatine system. Supplementation
Creatine phosphate has been heavily experimented upon to show that it is an important effector towards muscle activity. When creatine phosphate is present in a solution containing muscle fibers without the presence of ATP, it serves as the energy supplier due to the fact that it absorbs bound adenine nucleotide, which is firmly linked to the contractile elements on muscle fibers (Bozler, 1953). Even in low concentrations this nucleotide can be considered an energy transfer mechanism, for it takes full advantage of the creatine phosphates energy supply, thus acting as a substrate for the enzymatic activity of the contractile elements of a muscle group. Consumption of this nucleotide leads to an increase in the strength of contraction. Creatine phosphate also speeds up rate of relaxation of muscles, for it induces the relaxing effect of ATP (Bozler, 1953). Thus, this research suggests that creatine phosphate is directly linked to instigate muscle contractibility.
Creatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in “1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat” (Demant & Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys “from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine” for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, & Asadi, 2011). Creatine is either converted into free form Cr or phosphorylated form as known as creatine phosphate (CP). The endogenous production and exogenous consumption of Cr yields about 1 gram a day for the average person (Cooper, Naclerio, Allfrove , & Jimenez, 2012). In
Creatine is a “metabolite” that occurs innately in the human anatomy. It occupies red muscle tissue, and
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Next, Creatine is a supplement made of three different amino acids glycine, arginine, and methionine. Creatine can be produced by the body and found in high protein meats. When creatine enters the body it bonds with a phosphate molecule to form creatine phosphate. When macronutrients are consumed they go through a process called oxidation to become adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is molecule that stores energy. When a task is performed energy is given off to perform the task and a phosphate is lost. Once a phosphate is lost ATP becomes ATD (adenosine diphosphate). ATD is useless to the body and can not be used for energy unless it is formed back into ATP. Creatine gives its phosphate to ATD to make up for the missing phosphate, reforming ATP. Creatine provides more energy to increase performances and strength while training. Shannon Clark, whom holds a degree in exercise science and sport performance said “Creatine allows you to keep pushing hard in the gym at a time when you would previously had to decrease the load or stop entirely, so it helps in building muscle faster” (Clark). Taking a creatine supplement provides more energy needed to build strength.
I will compare and contrast Creatine from chapter 11 and an article I read from WebMD. In chapter 11 Creatine is stated that it can help athletes recover from broken bones and help rebuild muscles after the cast has been removed. In the WebMD however it says that Creatine can be used by anyone who is healthy but it has side effects like; weight gain, fever, rash, stomach upset, fatigue headache, breathing difficulty and anxiety. The book in chapter 11 supports well developed athletes into taking Creatine. Where in the article it supports anyone how is healthy can take the supplements and use it correctly and not just only supports well developed athletes into Creatine.
Pre-workout supplements are a newer category of products that are designed to increase workout intensity and energy. These products are being used by millions of athletes today, and there have been a lot of questions raised about the long-term effects of them. There are a lot of different brands in this industry, but most of the products contain the same main ingredients: Creatine, nitric oxide, vitamin B, and caffeine. There has been quite a bit of research done on these ingredients individually, but together they have not been studied very much, which is why a lot of athletes avoid them. Another problem with these products is that athletes are becoming
(Burns, 2001), creatine supplementation dates back decades, but its use has only become popular in the last twenty or so years. The massive increase of consumption began after a study in 1992 that demonstrated that high doses oral creatine supplementation resulted in a 20% increase of skeletal muscle creatine concentration. A fairly recent study conducted in division I athletes indicated that 31.4% of participants surveyed have used creatine. These products have been proven to be affective for a few simple reasons. The first is that these supplements contain carbohydrate. Carbohydrate is the primary substrate used to fuel high intensity exercise and higher intensity physical activity. This makes these products effective for athletes that
Creatine is perhaps the best supplement ever to hit the sports nutrition market. Creatine is a
This supplement is utilized by countless athletes as well as common individuals seeking to appear fit. Creatine is produced naturally by muscles, utilized for energy production. This Ergogenic Aids increases total body muscle mass as well as improves high intensity workout performance such as sprinting. However potentially harmful side effects concerning creatine are still considered. “Creatine appears to be generally safe, although when it is taken at high doses there is the potential for serious side effects, such as kidney damage. High doses may also stop the body from making its own creatine” (Ehrlich, 2014). Unnfrotially high doses may cause unforgiving Kidney complications therefore moderate daily consumption is recomeded for safety along with maximum potential. Although Creaine obtains safety concerns the supplement is legal among professional baseball players. Therefore recommending this product to pinch runners is suitable. In addition, commonly athletes consume creatine yet proper utilization is imperative for
Creatine, a nitrogenous carboxylic acid, is produced internally in vertebrates or consumed from exogenous sources such as fish or red meat. Cr is synthesized in a two-step process from three amino acids: arginine, glycine and methionine. Cr synthesis begins in the kidney and pancreas from arginine and glycine. According to Qasim and Mahmood, (2015), almost 90-95% of the total Cr in the human body is stored in the skeletal muscles which take up Cr against a concentration gradient with the aid of the sodium-dependent Cr transporter-1. Cr is stored mainly in the skeleton system, but also in muscle fibers, brain neurological system,
Although creatine is fairly expensive (fifty dollars for a one month supply), the original results of creatine testing and usage were very positive. Creatine supplementation helps the body by increasing the amount of creatine in the muscles, thus enabli ng the body to put out more energy more quickly. It was first discovered in the early 1900s, before creatine supplements were available, that increasing dietary creatine in turn increases the amount of creatine in the muscles (Jenkins). Supplementation of creatine in the diet leads to even higher levels of muscular creatine. Research has confirmed this. Current data indicate that muscle creatine levels increase, on average, 20% after six days of creatine supplementation at twenty grams per day (Eichne r 76). This increase of creatine in the muscles in turn increases the body's potential for exertion. Once creatine supplements were tested in humans, those increases were
How does Creatine work? When somebody is exercising, his or her muscles demand energy. The energy that the muscle gets is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As the muscles keep contracting, the ATP is turned into adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ADP causes your muscles to fatigue. Creatine Phosphate helps to convert ADP into ATP when the ATP is gone. In doing this, the athlete has better endurance during his of her workout or event.
Creatine monohydrate supplementation has been shown to result in an increase in skeletal muscle total and phosphocreatine concentration, increase fat-free mass, and enhance high-intensity exercise performance in young healthy men and women. Recent evidence has also demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of creatine monohydrate
Creatine is a very controversial supplement on the market today. Many endorse the uses of creatine, but others are skeptical about the advantage a person receives from taking it and the dangers one inherits as a result of creatine consumption. The debate remains due to the short amount of time that creatine has been available. People base their opinions on preliminary studies that have been done but no one knows the long-term effects of creatine on the body. Many take the risk without vast knowledge, but others still remain skeptical based on preliminary evidence that discourages the intake of creatine.