Summary: The Efficacy Of The Cycles Approach

This is standard in schools, and should have already been triggered in Miguel’s case. The first tier is best practices in the classroom. Clearly, Miguel has not shown adequate progress in response to the classroom practices. The second Tier is for those who have failed to meet appropriate benchmarks and are at risk of failing. This tier usually utilizes smaller groups than whole class and utilizes an evidence based program for instruction based on foundational skills. Tier 3 is the most intense level of intervention, designed for those who have not responded successfully to Tier 1 or 2 intervention, and often are at high risk of failing. Tier 3 uses small groups (3-5 students) or one-on-one intervention. It is this author’s belief that, from reading the case study, Miguel should already be in a Tier 3 intervention. The authors believe that Miguel should be in the Tier 3, because he is still struggling with phonemic awareness under interventions 1 and 2. According Algozzine, Obiakor, Nelson, and Bakken (n.d.) “phonemic awareness is the sill of using the individual sounds in spoken language” (p.3). However, if students fail to respond to Tier 3, they are referred for SPED

The second article, A Methodology for Assessing the Functions of Emerging Speech in Children with Developmental Disabilities by Lerman, Parten, Addison, Vorndran, Volkert, & Kodak, 2005 (2005), is about an experimental study aimed to develop and evaluate

Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition.

The purpose of this evidence based research paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the cycles approach when compared to the traditional articulation therapy approach in the treatment of children who are highly unintelligible. The Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach (Hodson, 2011) is a treatment method for children with severe speech sound disorders. This approach targets phonological pattern errors in a sequential manner. During each cycle, one or more phonological patterns are targeted and after each cycle is complete, another cycle begins. Recycling of phonological patterns continues until the targeted patterns are generalized into the child’s conversational speech. The cycles approach is meant to mirror typical phonological development in children (Hodson, 2011).

The participants consisted of 43 preschoolers with verbalization and sound disorders between the ages of four and five. The participants were selected through clinical recommendations in upstate New York from May 2007 to April 2008. Children were primarily from middle

Speech, language and communication difficulties can have a profound and lasting effect on children’s lives and development. These can affect their ability to communicate and interact with others. The impact of these difficulties will vary depending on the severity of the problems, the support they receive, the demands of the child’s environment

Specific language disorders, or SLI, affect approximately 7-8% of children in kindergarten. SLI are diagnosed in children, mostly, age 3 and older. The relatively late diagnosis is done to distinguish the children that have SLI from those who are simply “late talkers”. Some of the characteristics of SLI involve problem in only one area and some with problems in all areas of language. The children who are diagnosed with SLI may have a delayed vocabulary growth, disinterest in engagement in social interactions relevant to their age, difficulty in comprehension and/or production in any of the following: morphology, semantics, phonology, syntax, and pragmatics. For example, a 4.8 year old child that does not engage in social interactions

Based on the outcome assessments the speech therapist may find alternatives to increase treatment outcomes.

Clinical Implications: Minimal-contrast treatment is effective and efficient for treating children with phonological disability. Avoiding listener confusion is motivating for suppressing process use.

4.1 Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition. It is essential that speech, language and communication delays and disorders are noticed early so the relevant interventions can be used to support the child or young person. Answer the questions below.

Within CAS, behavioral symptoms are most consistent and include elevated consonant and vowel errors, inconsistency in the mistakes, problems with sequencing speech units and prosody. Though, children with CAS demonstrate to have language impairment with other characteristics of developmental speech. Research has proven that there are different types of speech and language disorders collectively related to a family member of children identified with CAS (Lewis et al., 2004, 2006). Lewis also indicates that there is a similar pattern occurring for speech-disordered children without CAS as

There are eight basic categories of the cycles approach that the following paragraph will explain. The first is that children with normal hearing generally acquire the adult sound system chiefly by listening. Another concept is that phonological acquisition is a gradual process. The phonetic environment in words can either facilitate or constrain appropriate sound productions. Children associate auditory and kinaesthetic sensations that facilitate later self-monitoring. Children generalize new speech production skills to other targets. An optimal ‘match’ enables learning and children are better learners when they are actively engaged in phonological remediation. The eighth underlying concept of the cycles approach is that enhancing a child’s

Even though Flowers’ treatment method is unusual it shows how well it adapts to people of other cultures who represent multicultural linguistic variations. As we learned in class, Speech-Language Pathologist must be aware of dialects and be informed about multicultural people in the United States. As responsible clinicians, we must differentiate between disorders and dialects. Even though the clients that Flowers treated suffered from communication disorders, she was still able to apply her knowledge about a variety of cultures and dialects and treat them efficiently. Another aspect of Flowers’ speech therapy practice is her intend to focus on a specific goal for her clients. Through the model of decision making that was discussed in class lecture, a good decision maker sets specific goals for their clients. Besides being attentive to her clients’ needs, Flowers also conducted research before beginning her institute by learning about dolphins and their effect on children with disabilities. Research is always an essential skill to do because it gives insight into data present and past that informs clinicians on different therapy methods. Last, but not least, Flowers’ method of treatment is innovative which is a skill that we as clinicians need. I found Flowers’ treatment to be of interest because of the innovate method of using animals and humans. Not only is the treatment changing the lives of her multicultural clients, but she is also providing a safe home for dolphins. These are my thoughts on Flowers’ method of therapy through the use of

Speech and language delays can be problematic for preschoolers, school aged children and adolescents. These delays range in degree of severity and have many causes; physical and developmentally. Communication plays a specific and important role to all people, especially, preschool children who are developing speech and language skills at fast rate. The consequences of these delays can be devastating for the children affected and can follow them into adulthood. These effects may include academic problems, social and emotional issues and may even lead into mental illness. Children with speech and language delays need professional intervention as young as possible. However even with intervention, some children are still at risk of suffering

When children experience early speech difficulties they tend to be at risk later on. By being susceptible to language skills early on allows the child (ren) to be more proficiency and react in a way that contributes to them being able to express themselves in a way that causes them to use a variety of different phonemes and at the same time mix and maneuver other language and literacy skills. Numerous studies have found that there is a strong link between language problems, reading and overall academic achievement (Konza, 2006, Snow Burns and Griffin, 1998, Justice and Ezell, 2000).