A live specimens of (Xenopus leavis ) were removed from a bucket, tweezers were used to open its mouth and bone crushing scissors were placed between its mouth and behind its eye. The top portion of the head was then cut off, killing the frog instantly. A dissecting needle was gently shoved in the spinal cord and it was moved around in order to kill the nerve in the spinal cord. The frog was placed onto its back and dissecting scissors were used to cut the skin across the abdomen. The frog was pinned down as one member then pulled the skin off the frog down towards its lower limbs. This process was seen as “pulling off the pants”. Ringer solution was added to the tissues using a clean pipette. One leg was chosen and dissecting scissors were …show more content…
Paper was wrapped around the drum of the Kymograph using tape. Water was placed in the outer flask of the enterograph (Figure 1) with a beaker. The inner flask was filled with Ringer solution and the machine was then plugged in and the temperature was set to full heat. Before adding the Ringer solution to the inner flask, a clamp was placed on the end of a tube leading to the inner flask with Ringer in order to prevent leakage. One end of the muscle was tied tightly with string, as well as the other end. The length of the string had to be short enough in order to maintain that tension between the muscle and the pen of the enterograph. The string from one end of the muscle was then attached to a small metal hook on a metal rod that was then placed and adjusted into the flask with the Ringer solution, together with the muscle. The other end was then tied onto the end of thin metal rod that could move up and down. A small weight was placed towards the end of the metal rod to counter balance the weight of the kymograph pen that was placed on the front end of the metal rod. There had to be tension on the string so that the muscular movements (if any) could be observed. The gastrocnemius muscle had to be completely submerged in the Ringer solution. A thermometer was placed into the water filled outer flask. Just before the temperature reached 38°C the pen on the enterograph was moved closer to the rotating drum of the kymograph (Figure 2). At 38°C the pen recorded the muscular contraction in the rotating drum. This was done for 47°C and
Introduction: According to the “Human Physiology Laboratory Manual “,BIOL 282 ,page 31 , the reason of performing this experiment is to learn how the muscle contraction occurs based on the molecular level and what kind of factors are involved .As a matter of fact, skeletal muscles contain a lot of nuclei because of the cell fusion while being developed and are made of cylindrical cells that have myofibrils. The myofibrils contain sarcomeres and the
The cat dissection is the culminating component of this course because it solidifies our knowledge of anatomy and physiology by applying it to a tangible specimen. Mammalian dissection provides an experience that two dimensional diagrams are incapable of and serves as an indicator of whether entering a profession that involves the application of anatomy and physiology is suitable for students in this course. The cat dissection builds on the previous dissections of the fetal pigs and other individual structures throughout the year by applying them to a cat that shares similar well-developed organs and muscles found in human anatomy. I found value in recognizing the similarities and differences not only between human and cat anatomies, but also
Once the patient was correctly hooked up to the EKG the BIOPAC Student Lab Program was started. Lesson five is the one we used for this experiment and once it had been chosen we label it and started the experiment. There were four conditions we needed to measure; the first being lying down. The subject was lying down relaxing on the cot. We clicked record and let it run for 20 seconds. The data resembled the chart below. If it did not we would have had to repeat the steps until it did.
In this set of materials, the reading passage states the attempts to stop the spreading of cane toads in Australia and provides three reasons of support. While in the listening, the speaker opposes the passage and says that the attempts are unsuccessful and could cause environmental damage. Also, she refutes each of the author’s reasons.
The lab chart was then stopped once the 5s contraction period had ended. Then the maximum force in Neutons (N) for that trial was calculated by the chart. The 5s MVC procedure was then repeated two more times and the MVC for each trial was calculated by the chart software and the highest MVC contraction and MVC for each trial was then identified and all the values were out into table 1.5. Then each participant 90% MVC was calculated by taking the 100% MVC and multiplying it by 0.9 which was then put into the second table, and the guideline of the participants 90% max was then put into the lab chart. The participant then prepared to hold their 90% MVC for 1 minute. With their knee already extended as far as they could without contracting with no slack in the line or chain the lab chart was started and the participant was instructed to kick out to achieve maximal force and tried to hold it for 1 minute to the best of their abilities and then relax when the minute has
Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “Muscle Tissue.” Anatomy & Physiology. 9th
The Cat Dissection lab consisted of various procedures ranging from skinning the cat to performing the likes of a brain surgeon in cutting it's brain out, but there were three major questions focused on when conducting the entire process. They included muscular differences between humans and cats, teeth and dental structure within the cat's mouth compared to a humans, and the third being the differences between a human's fingernails and the claws of a cat. These three questions provided the goal for the dissection of the feline. The interesting thing about felines such as this specimen Felis Catus is that even though it is a four pawed animal it also retains many of the various features humans have.
All of the incision were preformed very careful and slow. We tried not to rupture the pig, but it very difficult. The equipment that was given was handy, however, they were not comfortable in our hands. For example, the scissors were too small for our hands and the scalpel was not useful in most of the situations we encountered while dissecting. Although we did not conduct many mini experiments, we took a look at our classmates fetal pig. We watched them as they observed the fetal pig’s brain and uncovered their spinal
• Nerve conduction studies. These record muscle activity and check how well your muscle nerves send signals.
This is the “muscle – bone preparation” you will use for your muscle physiology experiments. Connect the femur to the femur clamp as shown in VI. Steps IV, V and VI can be done concurrently.
Krebs grew up in Hildesheim, a town that was almost totally destroyed. He entered medical school after the end of World War 1 but soon realized that he was more interested in research than in practicing medicine. After completing his medical degree, Krebs was hired to assist one of Germany's leading physiologists, Otto Warburg. Warburg was a despotic pioneer who declined to permit his collaborators to take a shot at autonomous undertakings. He gave a good example to Krebs as the youthful researcher started his vocation.
“For procedures, refer to Lab 6, Activity 2, in the Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual.”
Isabella Allende's story “Toad's Mouth “ takes place in the far north of the world. Where it seems a desolated land and the men are lonely, there is a big livestock where our main character lives. The story narrates the tale of a beautiful woman called Hermelinda, who is one of the only two girls that live in that area. She dedicates her life to prostituting herself and making erotic games, for the man that work there and that come to that land looking for her company. She enjoys her job, but not only because she obtains a lot of money for it, but also because she truly likes the attention she receives for the clients. The man expends a lot just to have her company if they win in her games, witch rarely happens. One day a man called Pablo
wellbeing of the frog and what happened to the frog after it was used. People today are more cautious
Frogs, toads, caecilians, and salamanders are the members of the class Amphibian (amphi- meaning “on both sides” and bios- meaning “life”). These members always require water for reproduction. Most Amphibians undergo metamorphosis, which is a usually degenerative pathological change in the structure of a particular body tissue. And, in the case of Amphibians, it is the changing of a tadpole into