The Effect Of Skeletal Muscle On The Human Physiology Laboratory Manual Essay

There are three types of muscle; skeletal (also known as striated), smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles move the bones, cardiac muscle is found in the heart, and smooth muscles line the organs and blood vessels . Although different in function, the basic structure of each type is similar . The experiment for this investigation was conducted using skeletal muscle, as it is common and easy to access when fresh. Meats that were bought from the butcher were used as they are skeletal muscle.

Myofibrils are made up of long proteins that include myosin, titin, and actin while other proteins bind them together. These proteins are arranged into thin and thick filaments that are repetitive along the myofibril in sectors known as sarcomeres. The sliding of actin and myosin filaments along each other is when the muscle is contracting. Dark A-bands and light I-bands reappear along myofibrils. The alignment of myofibrils causes an appearance of the cell to look banded or striated. A myofibril is made up of lots of sarcomeres. As the sarcomeres contract individually the muscle cells and myofibrils shorten in length. The longitudinal section of skeletal muscle exhibits a unique pattern of alternating light and dark bands. The dark staining, A-bands possess a pale region in the middle called the H-zone. In the middle of the H-zone the M-line is found, that displays filamentous structures that can join the thick filaments. The light-staining bands also known as I-bands are divided by thin Z-line. These striated patterns appear because of the presence of myofibrils in the sarcoplasm (IUPUI, 2016).

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “Muscle Tissue.” Anatomy & Physiology. 9th

The purpose of this lab was to better understand the human body by doing various activities and observing the three different muscle types. The activities were not conducted in order, but we did follow the instructions of each activity. However, there could be deviation since Vivian had allergies and I was sort of sick as well so our result may not be as accurate. By conduction the activities, we were able to analyze the different receptors in the skin and sense—for instance understanding the differences in receptors or taste and smell. Also, we were able to differentiate the three muscle types and observe the striation of the cardiac and skeletal muscle—and observe other differences in muscle types. By noticing that, for instance the tongue has different regions for different taste, we were able to infer that some taste are more important to distinguish than others. Also, by observing the different types of muscle, we were able to discuss the different functions and why the cardiac and skeletal muscle have striation. Lastly, it is important to understand the human body, not

In the gastrocnemius muscle of the B. Marinus used, there are two types of myofilaments that are inside the muscle fibres. These myofilaments are thick filament protein called myosin, and a thin filament containing three different proteins; actin, tropomyosin and troponin. These myofilaments are arranged in myofibrils in a structure known as a sarcomere (Hopkins. M, P. 2006). The muscle in this experiment was stretched and forced to contract through an ATP-driven interaction between myosin and action called crossbridge cycling. In this process, the head of the myosin molecule extends laterally and binds with an actin molecule to form what is known as the crossbridge. The contraction of the muscle in this experiment occurs through a process called a power stroke (Hopkins.

Undoubtedly, this article is pertinent to science because it contributes to the development of muscles in

Muscle analysis. The amount of astaxanthin in muscle in trout fed with a low fish oil diet was 6.3 ± 1.6 g per gram of muscle and in the case of the diet with a higher level this concentration was 9.7 ± 2.2 g per gram of muscle. Therefore, rising the proportion of fish oil in diet, a 54% increase in pigmentation can be obtained. A higher amount would be expected with a longer period of administration and further experiments will clarify this assertion. As our previous work has shown {Salvador, 2007 #7} carotenoid deposition in muscle was affected by the diet. In that work, trout were fed three different diets and muscle canthaxanthin deposition was higher when phospholipids were associated with fish oil in the diet.

In order for us to move, our bodies utilize its muscles to create movement. Muscles help with maintaining body temperature, supporting of soft tissue and skeletal movement. To do this, muscles must be able to contract during each movement. This lab session was completed in order for us to have a greater understanding of how muscles function and to find the relationship between muscle length and force. To better understand what events occur during muscle contraction, an electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electrical activity of contracted forearm flexors at different angles of the wrist.

Muscle is formed with a long and thin tissue called muscle tissue which moves the organs and organisms, and the muscle tissue is made out of a group of cells called the muscle fibers. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is the muscle who moves the bones, it has much longer fibers than the smooth muscles. Smooth muscle forms the walls of organs, for example, the wall of a stomach. Cardiac muscle is the muscle that forms the heart. From the cross-section view of a muscle, it shows that there is a layer of muscle sheath around the outermost layer of the muscle. The blood vessels that brings glucose and oxygen to the muscle are weaved in the fibers, and there is a layer of epithelial cells around the muscle to keep the fibers together.Muscle tissue can repair itself, but with round scar tissue instead of long, stretchy fibers. Skeletal

The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the sarcomere. Sarcomeres are mostly comprised of actin and myosin which pull and slide upon each other. These contractile units are linked end to end, like a chain, throughout the length of any given muscle. Certain proteins link the ends of these chains to the cell membrane. When a normally healthy individual exercises, some of these fibers, both in the sarcomere and at the connections to the cell wall, will be broken down due to damage (Leyva, 2013). Associated with this process includes the rebuilding of these fibers, in which the body builds back what was damaged stronger than before the damage occurred (Leyva, 2013). One of these end proteins is dystrophin. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of insufficient production of dystrophin, as in DMD.

In discussing skeletal muscle cell physiology it is necessary to introduce the role and interaction of satellite cells, as well as provide an overview of the immune response and growth factor proteins. In addition, to develop a more complete picture it is necessary to discuss cortisol, growth hormone and testosterone. Each of these factors will help to expand our understanding of how muscles grow.

skeletal and cardiac muscles thus supporting the idea that it is linked to muscle organization. The

The human muscular system is made up of over 600 connecting muscles. All of the muscles work together in sync to make your body move in inumerable different ways.

Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis in part through the conserved cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation increases glucose uptake, lipid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby enhancing muscle insulin sensitivity and whole-body energy metabolism. Here we show that the H19 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) post-transcriptionally increases expression of the atypical dual-specificity phosphatase 27 (DUSP27) which forms complexes with and activates AMPK in muscle. Consistent with decreased H19 expression in muscle of insulin resistant human subjects and rodents, mice with genetic H19 ablation exhibit musclesystemic insulin resistance and altered whole-body

Introduction: Skeletal muscle contraction happens when Ca2+ floods into the muscle cell binding with troponin allowing actin and myosin to bind. The actin and myosin cross bridges bind and contract using ATP as energy. Muscle fatigue is defined as the inability to maintain a desired power output. Muscle contraction can be affected by peripheral fatigue which refers to fatigue mediated by factors outside of the central nervous system, specifically within the muscle fibers, or central fatigue which involves the central nervous system and occurs predominantly due to afferent reflexes that inhibit output from the motor cortex. Peripheral fatigue can be caused by decreased levels of any of the molecules/metabolites involved in muscle contraction.