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Francisco Cuervo Research Paper

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When Vargas died in 1705 after repossessing the governorship in 1703, he was succeeded by Governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdes. Governor Cuervo y Valdes campaigned for a more militant approach against the indigenous tribes, predominantly the Navajos, whose troublesome acts were thought to be influencing the Pueblos to resist the Spanish’s reoccupation. Cuervo in June 1705 launched successive offensive attacks against the Gila Apaches, coming back to the Navajos, who were stealing cattle from settlers and missionaries. Cuervo stated that the Navajos were troublesome because of the “continuous wars that they have carried on from the conquest of this kingdom [1598] until the general uprising of the year 1680 and which they have continued from …show more content…

He described that for the Pueblos, the Spanish came with benefits like new animals, but the forced labor and swear fealty to the King of Spain was too strict . He recollected that Navajo did not yet experience the authority of the Spanish because “the white man did not know the Navajo existed” because they inhabited area that was dangerous and hide amongst bushes and trees. It was only until exposure to the ways of the Spanish that the Navajo even thought of taking care of animals like horses, so “the Navajos became horse stealers.” During Oakee’s interview, he stated that the violence of the Spanish encouraged peace amongst the Navajo and Pueblo, but eventually times turned hard and both groups looked towards the Spanish for help. He stated the “It was cruel time which the Indian had never forgotten, yet they were learning something too, and yet the Pueblo learn from the Spanish, the Navajo learn from the Pueblo.” Also, he stated that “the Spaniards did not understand [the Pueblos’ religion]”, which led to the revolt because the Spanish disgraced the sacred masks and stopped the Pueblos from communicating with their spirits. Furthermore, Oakee’s interview summarized the various ways that the Spanish had affected the lives of the Navajo, which was through contact with the Pueblo as the Navajo people incorporated sheep, new methods of farming, and new rituals into their way of

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