Pueblo Rebellion Research Paper

The Spanish had been expanding their influence in the new world by conquering the empires and peoples. Soon they would extend northward continuing to claim new land thereby building New Spain. Starting in 1540 the Spanish moved into what would become New Mexico. With the Spanish expansion came soldiers, missionaries, and settlers. These movements would lead to a confrontation between the Pueblo people and the Spaniards known as the “Tiguex War.” The "Tiguex War" was spearheaded by occurred during the winter of 1540-41. Leading the Spaniard troops was Francisco Vásquez de Coronado. The Spanish attacked the 12 tribes of the region leading to a further breakdown of Native and Spanish relations that would continue until 1598. Juan De Onate led a force of over 100 soldiers women children and Priests into the Rio Grande Valley attempting to start a Spanish settlement. The establishment of this new settlement soon leads to another revolt between the Pueblo and the Spaniards. This rebellion is known as the "Tacoma Massacre." Under the command of Juan De Onate, the Spanish soldiers killed and enslaved hundreds of Natives. Onate also ordered the right foot to be removed from the 24

1.The Pope’s Rebellion occurred in 1680 and was an Indian uprising. This uprising was caused because of the Spanish Roman Catholic’s mission in New Mexico began to oppress the natives by attempting to take from their religious customs. The rebels raided through the Providence destroying churches, killing priests, and slaughtering Spanish settlers along the way. After this attack the Spanish needed almost half a century to regain New Mexico for a second time.

Don Diego de Vargas was the man chosen to reconquer, resettle, and govern the province of New Mexico in the name of the Spanish crown. He was chosen because he was a man of character, wealth, and status and took the task to make a name for himself. Due to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 the natives did not trust the Spanish, so his approach to reconquer and resettle New Mexico had to differ than that of earlier Spanish officials. Don Diego de Vargas had to opt for a

Po'pay was creating secret negotiations with other Pueblo leaders until August 13th 1680 when the revolt began. The last few years had been relatively quiet and free. In the capital city of Santa Fe, the colonists were surprised as a report came to the governor early in the morning of August 10th that a Spanish priest had been killed at a Pueblo only nine miles from there. The Spanish had taken cover at the governor's office in Santa Fe, hiding from Po'pay and about 2,500 Pueblo warriors. Po’pay sent out Pueblo runners or messangers to other Pueblos with knotted cords—each number of knots indicating the days left before the start of the revolt. But the revolt actually began before that

In exchange, the encomendero could force the Native Americans to pay tribute in forms of bullion and labor. Eventually, the native people began to die off from the harsh labor and foreign diseases that the Spanish brought from Spain. The Native Americans rejected Spanish control and returned to their customs. Angered by this, the Spanish captured 46 Pueblo leaders, which started the Pueblo Revolt. After years of fighting, the Spanish regained control. In New England, relationships with local Native Americans started out peaceful. The Native Americans and settlers of New England began to trade with each other. Native Americans, who were used to their elementary weapons, acquired better weapons from the Europeans. This once beneficiary exchange between the two cultures eventually grew tense. As years went on and more settlers came to America, conflicts arose. An agreement formed between Dutch settlers of New York and the English settlers of New England about the division of the Pequot lands. When no immediate decisions were reached of who would gain the land, New Englanders started to settle in the area without notice. The Pequot took this unplanned invasion as a form of attack, and fought back. After a series of attacks, New England called for reinforcements from allies. By joining forces with Plymouth and the Narragansett people, the English gained control

The aforementioned revolts and rebellions reflected tensions in British North America and had intriguing effects on the economy. “They saw New Mexico not as mission country, where the friars had to be protected as they went about their task of saving Native souls, but rather as a buffer zone, protecting the precious silver mines from the not-so-distant French and even the British. They saw the New Mexican people as possible allies in the game of transcontinental empire, to be courted rather than conquered” (Countryman 1). After the Pueblo victory in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Spanish quickly sought to regain the territory. It took twelve years but eventually the Spaniards were able to protect their silver mines and focus on spreading their

The Taos Indian Rebellion, 1847 Contextualization In the aftermath of the Mexican War, the United States of America received the title for New Mexico. The United States General Stephen Kerry, who led the American soldiers in the war, created a territorial government in the newly acquired land. However, the new government didn’t include the already powerful aristocrats and the 50,000 hispanics in the region. This led the Hispanics and Indians living in the region to fear the loss of their lands and wealth.

According to the Taos Pueblo website, this mission is called the San Geronimo or St. Jerome, Chapel and was completed in 1850 to replace the original church which was destroyed in the War with Mexico by the U.S. Army in 1847. The ruins of that church that was built in 1619 can still be seen at the pueblo’s graveyard. That church had also been destroyed previously during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 which was led by the Indians of Taos Pueblo. St. Jerome is the patron saint of Taos Pueblo: The church of the pueblo always sees people taking photographs and sketchers alike it is so beautiful. It is something noticed, but unconsciously, that everything on the pueblo is minimalist. Most are dirt or adobe tile floors. Beautiful and colorful tiles

Several Indian tribes such as Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, and Apaches broke the peace with Mexico and started attacking them. For this reason, Mexico returns the attack on the Indian enemies in which the violence expanded to nine states. These events are forgotten by both the Americans and Mexicans in which it plays a huge role in the outcome of the U.S. Mexican War. The conflict between Mexico and the Indian people cause many deaths, the enslavement of people, destruction and stealing of animals or

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 is an important event in U.S. history having been the first complete victory for Native Americans against any European nation. One of the major conflicts between the Pueblo Indians and the Spanish colonists was their different religions. Many historians believe that the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spanish in order to eliminate Catholicism because it was threatening their own beliefs. Many Spanish officials interpret the Pueblo Revolt as being unnecessary and guided by the devil. The continuing study of this historical event will allow current Pueblo villages to learn about their ancestors' history and the major role religion had on the revolt. Further consequences of the Pueblo Revolt was the Spanish setback

Throughout the period of colonization, several aspects of genocide can be identified. From the Genocide Convention of 1948, genocide was lawfully defined as any of the following committed with the intent to destroy in whole or part a national ethnical, racial, or religious group as such: killing members of the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, deliberately inflicting on the group conditions to bring about its destruction, imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, and/or forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. In what is modern day North America, European settlers began colonizing the area in hopes of achieving their goals of expanding Christianity, acquiring wealth for their countries, and/or gaining personal wealth and power. The European settlers had little care about the indigenous people of the areas they were colonizing, leading to the American Indian Wars (Lasting from 1622 - 1924) and the genocide of Native Americans. During this time period, the Native American population decreased dramatically as a result of brutal war, disease, and torture. The modern day New Mexico area in particular was home to Indian Pueblos, who showed an extreme act of resistance against their Spanish conquerors. What later became known as the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 showed how resistance to genocide can be achievable and the impacts it may have.

The Spanish southwest had many different Indian tribes, predominately the Pueblo, Apache, and Comanche. The Pueblo, Apache, and Comanche were among many tribes that were enslaved and killed by the Spanish. Spanish settlers named the area near Acoma, New Mexico effectively taking all of the Indians birthright. Don Juan de Onate abused the Pueblo people in the name of Spain, because he had power over them. The

The American revolution war of the most important in America, even that some historians has argued about it and they said that “it's not revolutionary”, the revolution started in the year of 1775 and finished in the year 178, in the northwest territory, and it was between the 13 British colonies and their mother country, and the first impact of the revolution was a letter saying that all men should be equal” in document 2, and a lot of more important things, what the letter means was that all men are equal and they are born with the same right. And what I mean by saying this is that the revolution what revolution when it happened and after.

The People had rejected new influences in order to continue their regular cultural lives. The peace was not settled, so Pope drove out the Spanish settlers in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Many lives were lost on both sides; fields were destroyed; churches and homes were razed. This was like Moki’s second vision; not sharing the seeds. After peace was restored between the two sides, the People tried to return to their old religious customs, but their old way of life could not be attained.

While some may argue that the Unites States government’s intentions were pure and the Apaches were savages, many can argue that their government did not mean well and the Apaches were simply doing whatever they could to protect their tribe from going into extinction. As the spanish came to the Apache land in 1598 they claimed to only be searching for gold in that region and coincidentally ran into the apache tribe. Some will say that therefore, the government did not purposely take land and in fact the indians were purposely attacking settlements in hopes to leave the Spanish with nothing. As an article found in Britannica states, “ As early as the 17th century however, Apache bands were raiding spanish missions” (The Editors). Spanish settlers claim that the real enemy in this situation were the apache because they pretended to be friendly but as time progressed, raids began to take place which included the slaughter of their people and theft of their livestock and goods. Because of these raids the Apache and the Spanish settlers became enemies which in return caused many spanish belongings and property to become ruined. Their mines had been destroyed as well as their ranches. More than one hundred cattle, mules and horses were lost as well as the spanish missions. This completely abolished the belongings of the spanish but if this were have gone to the extreme and amount of supplies continued to decrease, this could have caused starvation because of the