Chemical Reaction Rate in Relation to Duration of Enzyme Presence
I. Purpose: A solution of hydrogen peroxide will be combined with a solution of enzyme catalase, to be continuously agitated for different stretches of time until enzyme activity is halted by the addition of hydrogen sulfate. The rate of H₂O₂ decomposition of each trial will be measured and compared. II. Problem: How does the amount of time given for an enzyme solution to catalyze affect the reaction rate of a substance? III. Hypothesis: If enzymes are allowed more time to catalyze chemical reactions, they will have a higher the rate of reaction. IV. Materials:
10 mL graduated cylinder
1 mL graduated pipette
Two syringes
Two 50 mL beakers
White sheet of paper
1.5%
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Pour the contents of the pipette into the beaker and set a timer for 10 seconds. Swirl the solution gently for those 10 seconds, then add 10 mL of 1.0 M H₂SO₄. Mix well.
Using a syringe, remove a 5 mL sample of this solution to add to the second beaker (which should be on the white paper).
Fill the second syringe with KMnO₄ and record the initial volume within.
Using the syringe, at one drop of KMnO₄ at a time to the 5 mL sample while constantly (very gently) agitating the solution.
Once enough drops have been added so that a persistent brown/pink color remains, stop adding KMnO₄ and record the new volume of the syringe. Subtracting the initial volume of the syringe from the final volume will determine the amount of H₂O₂ present. Subtracting the amount of peroxide present from the baseline will determine how much was used during the trial.
Repeat this process with differing times of stirring the enzyme before adding sulfuric acid: 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, and 180 seconds. Record the initial and final volumes of the syringe contents each time in the appropriate table.
Additionally:
If more KMnO₄ is added after already achieving a persistent color, simply remove another 5 mL sample and repeat the titration process.
Put all liquids in designated waste containers. Do not dump anything in the sink and don 't dispose of anything until the entire experiment is completed.
Handle all hazardous materials with care and always
Add RO water to the 25 ml volumetric flask up to the mark. Put stopper on the flask and shake it properly.
• Serially dilute the 4 mg/ml solution with buffer A to make working solutions of 400 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml.
7. To each fresh tube of alcohol, 2 mL of 0.01 mol/L KMnO4 was added, and step 4. was repeated.
3) Adding less enzyme caused the reaction to proceed more slowly than when more enzyme was utilized.
After added, pick up the beaker and swirl it around lightly for a short period of time.
1.) Transfer the distillate to separatory funnel. Fluid didn’t seem very clear but sufficient to finish our lab on time.
XII. Take the 250 ml beaker to your lab bench. Set up a gravity filtration with a plastic funnel, folded wet filter paper, and an Erlenmeyer flask. Pour the content in the 250 ml beaker slowly through the filter paper. Wash the filter paper with deionized water. Dispose of the filtrate in the proper labeled waste container.
Grab the 50 ml graduated cylinder and fill it to the 50 mark line with the Diluted 3% hydrogen peroxide. Pour it into the other beaker.
8. Repeat step 7 with H2SO4, except that you should use a 10 mL graduated cylinder of H2SO4 and adding 15 mL water.
3. Use a sterile pipette to transfer 0.1 ml of each dilution on to a MacConkey agar plate.
Hypothesis: I believe the rate of reaction will speed up as the temperature increases until it reaches about 37oC, which is the body temperature, where it will begin to slow down and stop reacting. I believe this will occur because enzymes have a temperature range at which they work best in and once the temperature goes out of this range the enzyme will stop working.
Enzyme catalysis is dependant upon factors such as concentration of enzyme and substrate, temperature and pH. These factors determine the rate of reaction, and an increase in temperature or pH above the optimum will
Discard the solution in the appropriate container as directed to you by your lab instructor.
In this lab the effect of the enzyme concentration has on the speed of the reaction will be observed. The amount of oxygen gas produced will be measured to determine the reaction rate. If the enzyme concentration increases then the reaction rate will also increase. The measure of how fats oxygen is produced will be how long it takes for the filter paper disk soaked in different concentrations of catalase to rise to the top. If catalase is exposed to boiling temperature then it will denature.
After the 5-minute period, take the Elodea and thermometer out of the beaker, pour the mixture into the beaker down the drain and rinse.