Noise can be defined as unwanted sound1. Sounds which we deem as unwanted or unnecessary are noise. Our environment is beset by noise, which is pervasive, intrusive and ubiquitous as well as unhealthy. The effects of noise, a pollutant and its effects on health have been neglected despite being aware of the ability to precisely measure or calculate the exposure from the peak levels2. The effects of noise pollution were first recognized in the occupational settings. In our environment, there are different sources of noise, but they generally depend on the activity performed, location and the time of the day3. In everyday life noise is pervasive, that can cause both auditory and non-auditory effects on the health. Noise is an audible acoustic phenomenon that may or may not adversely affect the people. The effects of noise can be physiologically as well as psychologically be appreciated. In occupational settings noise-induced hearing loss remains highly prevalent, which is increasingly caused by social noise exposure for example personal music player. If the exposure to noise remains chronic and exceeds certain level negative health outcomes are seen. Health effects which were first recognized in an occupational setting were through the weaving mills where the level of high noises was associated with hearing loss2. Excess of noise exposure leads to annoyance, disturbed sleep, increase in daytime sleepiness, decrease in patient outcome and staff performance in the hospital, increase in physiological conditions like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and impairment of the cognitive functioning of the school children. Occupational noise is the most studied noise exposure. Researchers have now broadened to social noise like those heard in bars or personal music players.
Environmental noise consists of all the unwanted noise that arise from our environment rather than our workplace1. Environmental noise pollution is considered a form of air pollution which causes a threat to the health and the well-being of the people living in the community. Noise pollution is a phenomenon that affects everybody but is generally associated with the level of activity performed, the place and the duration. Environmental noise
Noise can be very distracting especially if someone wants to study, sleep, read, do homework, and do a project or anything else. I personally have experienced noise as a distraction and I would never intentionally try to distract someone from doing what they want buy making it hard for them to focus because of my noise.
Music can affect the body negatively. One of these effects is the fact that music can be addictive (Severance). According a scholar, if people go to long without their preferred music they can have headaches. The same scholar later stated that this is caused by disharmonic tones. Disharmonic tones are found most often in hard rock music and popular pop music (Severance). However, it seems as though the positives of music out weighs the negatives.
Anthropologic noise pollution can come from many different sources, some of the more common ones are commercial shipping, acoustic deterrent devices, military sonar, and explosives (used in some seismic surveys for oil and gas as well as military exercises). The main focus will be on military sonar use, seismic surveys, and acoustic deterrent
“The most dramatic event in the history of relations between Mexico and the United States took place a century and a half ago.” (Document C, Paragraph 1) The Mexican War started in 1846, and ended in 1848. President Polk and Texas agreed that the Texas-Mexico border was the Rio Grande River. But when President James K. Polk heard Mexicans were the first to fire upon Americans at Texas, America was prepared to go to war. The majority of Congress agreed on the war vote too. In the Senate, the votes were 40 to 2, and in the House of Representatives it was 174 to 14. “Restless spirits, discontented at home … joined them ….” (Document D, Paragraph 3) Though the Mexicans were the first to start the war, the Americans had a play in it too. There are many different perspectives on the Mexican War, and many people wonder if it was reasonable or not. One opinion is that the United States was unjustified in going to war with Mexico because America robbed Mexico, invaded Mexican territory, and took advantage of Mexico’s offers.
In 1910, a Nobel Prize winning German bacteriologist stated, “A day will come when man will have to fight merciless noise as the worst enemy of health”. According to Dr. Koch, “noise, like smog, is a slow agent of death” (Robert Koch, 1910 cited in Vijayalakshmi, 2003). Unfortunately, the forecast provided by Dr. Koch one hundred years ago has come true at the present time.
Umemura, M. & Honda, K. (1998) Influence of Music on Heart Rate Variability and Comfort – A Consideration through Comparison of Music and Noise. J. Human Ergol. 27 (1, 2). p.30-38
Workers in building site, heavy metal, and maritime industries are extremely has more tendencies to industrial hearing loss. Although the cases of industrial hearing disorders can frequently be kept from happening by using hearing safety equipment, several of similar cases are accounted each year. In accordance with the latest research data available, in 2013, 869 employees had accounted for hearing loss.
Because noise is a result of sound and sound has the potential to be noise; a nuisance if a sound becomes noise or a pleasure as long as it remains a sound. If it is harmful to health of man or beast then it is always ‘unwanted sound’. It may be unwanted noise but it may well be necessary noise, for example industrial noise and it is also the noise of modern progress, as Gareet Keizer puts it in the title of his book, it is the “Unwanted Sound Of Everything We
Our hypothesis was “People who are exposed to loud music at least once everyday in day to day life will have lower hearing capacity percentages than those who are not exposed to loud music at least once daily in day to day life.” We discovered when analyzing our data that our hypothesis was correct because the hearing capacities of the exposed girls were lower than that of the unexposed girls.
In 1992, McBride, Gill, Proops, Harrington, Gardiner, & Attwell conducted a study among classical symphony musicians. Sound level measurements during five rehearsals and two performances were taken. An audiometric questionnaire and hearing thresholds were measured by clinical pure tone audiometry. It was not noted whether hearing protection use was advised or recommended. This study concluded that there is a potential for occupational noise induced hearing loss within professional classical musicians. More recently, Jansen, Helleman, Dreschler, & de Laat (2009) investigated a different group of classical musicians using a larger audiological test battery including: a self-report questionnaire, measuring hearing thresholds, loudness perception, diplacusis, tinnitus, speech perception in noise, and otoacoustic emissions. It was concluded that most of the musicians tested had normal hearing but tinnitus, diplacusis, and hyperacusis were more prevalent among this group than what would be typically expected. Schmidt, Pedersen, Paarup, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Andersen, Poulsen, & Bælum (2014) also looked at hearing loss and sound exposure in the classical musician. By obtaining hearing thresholds and a self-reported questionnaire with instrument type and exposure included, it was concluded that NIHL will occur due to the sound exposure time and levels that symphony
The results of this study had consistency with other studies, such as Music Exposure and Hearing Disorders: an overview by Zhao et al in 2010, which proposed that those who have noise exposure from being exposed
Rogers and colleagues (2003) measured subjects’ most comfortable listening level and subjects’ acceptable background noise level. Their subjects included 25 females and 25 males, all between 19 and 25 years of age, and all with normal hearing. The most comfortable listening level for females was 36.2 decibels, and for males it was 42.1 decibels, or about 6 decibels louder. Males preferred speakers to speak about 6 decibels louder compared to the loudness preferred by females. The acceptable background noise level for females was 24.8 decibels, while for males it was 31.7 decibels, or about 7 decibels louder.
The use of publicly shaming people who are inconsiderate to another individual's tranquility will quickly resolve annoying sounds and will allow for a more enjoyable atmosphere. Some have already witnessed a small glimpse of this tactic in airplanes. Mothers are shushed and given cold stares when their toddlers have not stopped crying after a couple of minutes. In order to avoid more ridicule, mothers scurry to the closest restroom to hush the toddler. We have an opportunity to make this small unspoken rule official and acceptable. Vacuuming at extremely early hours can be eliminated by not frowning upon shaming. Babies can be withstandable, music can be moderated to a certain level, and sdfghjkl all with changing how shaming is viewed. Of course, there are some things that can’t be completely muted at the moment such as lawn mowers and airplanes. I believe that criticism of noise pollution would only act as a motivator. People would make more efforts to make things noiseless quicker. Next thing you know, airplanes won’t be heard roaring across the sky and fireworks will be able to be enjoyed without the senseless racquet. In the meantime, being loud would would have a connotative meaning and there would be more efforts to the keep noise level to a minimum. There would be a new cool and teenagers would spend hours on their beauties to try to have their
The researchers selected the schools based on their proximity to airports and traffic routes in Spain. They measured the levels of noise the participants faced during their presence in school and conducted tests to determine its effects on health, perception of noise and annoyance using questionnaires. They discovered that aircraft and road traffic noise caused the participants to participants increased levels of annoyance. This research is related to our research as participants in our research will also be exposed to road traffic sounds in the ‘city’ setting.
In the 1600s, Colonial democracy was limited through voting barriers towards those who did not own land. Colonial representatives focused on those with political and economic power rather than focusing on indentured servants, slaves, or the common people who were more economically and politically invisible. The different structures of governments in the colonies portrayed the lack of consensus among the colonies. These limitations allowed inequalities to form at a different pace and contributed to the influence of: Bacon’s rebellion, the Enlightenment, and the Zenger case by introducing the idea of colonial resistance as a way to achieve accurate representation. The development of a democratic society allowed these three events to set up ideas for future founding documents and provided a connection among the thirteen colonies by questioning colonial authority and the unequal government representation that came with it.