Cyclohexene Lab Report

The purpose of this lab was to carry out a dehydration reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanol by heating it in the presence of phosphoric acid and determining which alkene product would be the major product. Methylcyclohexanols were dehydrated in an 85% phosphoric acid mixture to yield the minor and major alkene product by elimination reaction, specifically E1. The alkenes were distilled to separate the major and minor products and gas chromatography was used to analyze the results and accuracy of the experiment. The hypothesis was the major product of the reaction would be the most substituted product. This conclusion was made because of

The objective of this lab was to create a ketone through an oxidation reaction using a using a secondary alcohol and oxidizing agent in order to use that ketone in a reduction reaction with a specific reducing agent to determine the affect of that reducing agent on the diastereoselectivity of the product. In the first part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was reacted with NaOCl, an oxidizing agent, and acetic acid to form 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. In the second part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was reacted with a reducing agent, either NaBH4 in EtOH or Al(OiPr)3 in iPrOH, to form the product 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the cis:trans ratio of the OH relative to the tert-butyl group in the product formed from the reduction reaction with each reducing agent. Thin-layer chromatography was used in both the oxidation and reduction steps to ensure that each reaction ran to completion.

A Chemist Looks at… Seeing Molecules React 13.129 Describe in general terms how chemists can follow the character of a reacting molecule using lasers. Chemists have developed laser technology that handled correctly can allow the experimenter to follow the molecule as it changes. Chemist use multiple types of laser between high and low frequencies. The high frequency excites the molecule then the lower frequency can pulse or probe the molecule. The change of the wavelengths the molecule gives off allows the experimenter to know something is about to change in the molecule.

The objective of the experiment was to synthesize a sample of cyclohexene by using an E1 reaction, which involved cyclohexanol.

This way, cyclohexane is converted to adipic acid or hexanedioic acid. Since the product is soluble in hot water, the two-phase systems (organic cyclohexane and aqueous hydrogen peroxide) slowly become a single aqueous phase. In the end, only H2O2 and cyclohexene can be changed, tungstate and the phase transfer catalyst can be tapped and reused. The phase transfer catalyst used were a mixture of aliquat 336 and potassium hydrogen sulphate.

PPV, otherwise known as polyphenylene vinylene are electric conductors that processed into tiny films which emit a bright fluorescent yellow light which could potentially be a replacement for LEDS in electronics. PPV is prepared from p-xylene-bis and the addition of acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and from there, the product is treated with heat to eliminate diethyl sulfide, HCL, and ethyl sulfide to form the final product, PPV. Similarly, another method, called direct chemical polymerization, formed PPV but it was only in the form of powder which could not be turned into tiny films for commercial use. In lab, we learned that PPV precursor can be synthesized in a one step reaction from p-xylene using NBs. In the reaction with

In order for reaction to occurs, the LUMO of a certain molecule has to react to a HOMO of the molecules since LUMO accepts electrons whereas HOMO donates electrons. In order for the reactions to be favourable to one another the energy difference between the LUMO of a molecule and the HOMO of another molecule has to be small this will then lead to a formation of a sigma bond between both molecules. This is based on whether the molecules are asymmetrical or symmetrical.

Nitroxoline has been clinically used since 1962 for the treatment of urinary tract infections, especially those caused by gram negative bacilli. The current renewal of nitroxoline is due to its recently found activity against fungi, U. urealyticum, Mycoplasma, and Trichomonas.

In the experiment, our purpose is to determine the ethyl ester in an unknown whiskey. We will be using two methods; the first method is called solid phase extraction(SPE) which will be used to separate ethyl ester from whiskey. SPE is based on the selectivity of stationary phase, it will select our desired ethyl ester to stay in the syringe column, and let other molecules go through the column. The second method is GC-MS method, which will help us to identify each ethyl ester. Gas chromatography is based on the interaction between stationary phase and mobile phase, and mobile phase in this case will be ethyl esters. Different ethyl ester has different interactive ability with stationary phase. The bigger the molecule, the longer it will interact

At Tingalpa creek a number of chemical tests were performed in order to collect data about the health of the waterway. Water temprature,oxygen concentration, PH level, Nitrates/nitrites, phosphorus, salinity and E.coli were tested.

Is there a correlation between the mass it takes to submerge 1cm^3 of a material and its density?

This experiment provided accurate data of how a mixture of solids, and liquids consisting of both nonpolar and polar substances can be separated using vacuum filtration and water. The separation of oil from the sand, KNO3, and CuSO4 mixture using ethyl acetate was performed using a vacuum filtration. Ethyl acetate is an ester of ethanol and acetic acid with a formula of CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 (Tro, 975). Ethyl acetate is a suitable solvent due to its ability to undergo hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is the breaking apart of chemical bonds with the addition of water. Both oil and ethyl acetate are nonpolar in nature, whereas sand, CuSO4 and KNO3, are polar in nature. This separation of polarity allows for a natural separation of the substances to occur. Nonpolar

General. A liquid-liquid extraction involving and unknown substance dissolved in ethyl acetate was performed using a Separatory Funnel. Ethyl acetate was removed from the organic layer using a Rotory Evaprator, and the remaining organic solid was dried with a High Vacuum Pump. Vacuum filtration with a Buchner funnel was performed to isolate and dry the acidic crystals. Samples of the recovered organic and acidic crystals were melted in a DigiMelt, which reported the temperature oC. Temperatures are uncorrected.

In this experiment, dehydration is carried out using cyclohexanol to obtain cyclohexene. This acid-catalysed reaction involves E1 elimination mechanism. The dehydration of alcohol will remove OH- from cyclohexanol to form cyclohexene. Cyclohexene contains a single double bond in the molecule. It is a six carbon aromatic hydrocarbon. Phosphoric acid is mixed with cyclohexanol in the round-bottomed flask and is heated. The phosphoric acid act as a catalyst that increases the rate of reaction but it does not change the overall stoichiometry. The acid catalyst will convert the hydroxyl group into a good leaving group. It is an equilibrium reaction in which the equilibrium is forced to the right (alkene). (Department of Chemistry 2014) Boling chips are added to the distillating flask. If not, the liquid may over boil and shoot out of the

An alcohol is composed of a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols on a molecular level can be transformed into alkenes. For this reaction to occur, the alcohol must be dehydrated. Alcohols are capable of being transformed under two known reaction mechanisms, E1 and E2. These mechanisms allow for the dehydration of water and the formation of a double bond which is created into a synthesized alkene. The dehydration of an alcohol can occur in one of two ways. The first way is through being acid catalyzed. This reaction occurs when the acid is presented, and interaction is presented between both the acid and the potential leaving group. As known the hydroxy group is unstable, and not a good leaving group, therefore is needed to be protonated for the detachment of the hydroxy group to take place.