Autism Spectrum Disorder (PDD)

Autism spectrum disorder and autism are both a group of complex disorders of the brain development and disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. Also known as ASD, it varies in the different ways it affects a child. Some children may be gifted and others might have challenges learning and might require more help in their daily activities. People with autism may often have issues with communication, emotional and social skills. Usually typical symptoms would be repetitive behaviors and do not like any change of their daily routines. They have different ways of learning, react differently to things that would be otherwise normal for others. Signs of this disorder will likely show from early childhood

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has proved difficult to define because of its complicated set of classifications and characteristics. It is a neurological disorder that is often mistaken for a mental illness. Moreover, diagnosis is long, arduous and involves long hours of testing. Furthermore, insurance may deny coverage for the cost of testing or may cover only a fraction of the fee which leaves many on the spectrum without an official medical diagnosis.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with an onset in childhood. They are characterized by impaired communication, abnormal reciprocal social interaction as well as restricted stereotyped range of activities and repetitive behaviors 21.

Autism spectrum disorder is a general term for the complex neurological diseases that affect brain development. The common characteristics of the disease are difficulties in social interactions, speech communication and repetitive sounds and movements. In May of 2013, the DSM-5 diagnostic manual placed all autism disorders under one umbrella known as ASD or autism spectrum disorders. This merged all of the sub-types like Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (autism speaks, 2014). Common characteristics of autism are intellectual disability, challenges in motor coordination, attention span

What is Autism? Autism also specified as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, ASD, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Childhood Autism (ICD-10), Autistic Disorder (DSM-IV), Atypical Autism (ICD-10), PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome
(ICD- 10)/Asperger Disorder (DSM-IV), is a series of developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction, as well as difficulties in nonverbal interactions and behavioral challenges. From the early 1900s, autism has been pertained to a range of neuropsychological conditions and has been in use for about 100 years. In which it still does today, the word "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos", meaning "self 'which describes conditions in which a person is detached from social interaction or an isolated self. ("A history of autism," 2005). Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler was the first person to use the term to describe the behavior of some of his patients and it wasn 't until 1938 that autism was first studied in depth to where it 's modern meaning (Jevtic, 2015). Autism is a result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, causing many people with ASD to seek more help in their daily lives where others might seek for less. Autism is also known as a wide-spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing category in special education. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder generally diagnosed before the age of three. Its main factors include: repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior, impairment in communication, and impairment in the area of social interaction (Heward, 1996). The DSM-IV “identifies ASD as part of a larger grouping, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). According the DSM-IV-TR there are five subtypes of PDD: autistic disorder, Aspergcr 's syndrome (AS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), Rett 's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)” (Meadan, Halle, & Ebata, 2010).

Autism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorder and the scale on which people were diagnosed. While it would be impossible to fully understand what a person with ASD feels and endures on a daily basis, taking a closer look at the signs, diagnosis, causes and treatments for ASD will help us gain knowledge and allow us deeper insight to individuals on the Autistic spectrum.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects over 2 million individuals in U.S alone, and is one of the fast growing serious developmental disabilities in the U.S (www.autismspeaks.org.). Autism is however five times more common in males than females, with studies showing

Currently 1 in 68 children are affected with ASD, which a majority of them being boys. Diagnosis for this disorder begins around age 2 or 3 and major symptoms include the inability to communicate and interact easily with others and difficulty interpreting body language. Parents are more likely to diagnose their child with autism through their child's behavior and since there is no medical test that can be done, most medical doctors rely on

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a disease that occurs in children that usually are an infant and beyond but it affects them for the rest of their life. Autism is a disease that makes kids be shy and they don't want to participate so they seclude themselves from everyone. 1 in 68 children in the United States are affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. This includes 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls. An estimated 50,000 teens with autism become adults and lose school-based autism services each year.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) F84. 0 [299.00] is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with varying degrees and manifestations that has both genetic and environmental causes, in which the symptoms are usually recognized in early childhood, which progress into adulthood. The three primary areas affected by ASD are communication, socialization, and motor behavior, and it is often associated with an intellectual disability (26). The current edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, no longer recognizes once separate autism spectrum disorders, including Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Asperger’s Disorder (AD), childhood disintegrative disorder, and autistic disorder. This change has created a controversial conversation. The first two journal articles are studies that were conducted that specifically explore ASD’s diagnostic place in the latest edition of the DSM, the DSM-5. All of these studies are vary based on research, data, and methods, but share similar ideals about ASD’s place in the DSM-5. The third journal article is a study on patterns of the developmental course in toddlers with ASD.

Childhood Disintegrative disorder is when children develop normally for at least two years and then lose some or most of their social and communication skills. In addition to this, the loss of social and communication skills, a child with disintegrative disorder may lose control of other functions such as bowl and bladder control. Pervasive development disorder is a kind of catch all category for all children who have some autistic behaviors but who don’t fit into other categories. The condition starts way earlier than age three but parents do not notice a problem till the child is obvious or noted. Autistic Disorders have problems with social interactions, communications, and imaginative play in children younger than three years. Individual children with these disorders may present with very different sets of symptoms with varying degrees of severity. Asperger syndrome are children that don’t have a problem with language. They’re score in the average or above range on intelligence tests. Asperger’s is usually not recognized until they have language skills to show a limited focus and unusual patterns of speech. It begins at the age of one through four years, repetitive hand movements replace purposeful use of hands. Rhett syndrome is usually girls, start developing normally but then begin losing their communication and social skills. Children with Rhett syndrome are usually severely cognitively

Autism, formally known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), was first recognized in 1943 by child psychiatrist Leo Kanner while studying a group of children. He observed that these individuals “did not seem to be interested in other people, socially or emotionally (Bardhan-Quallen, 2005).” This complex genetic disorder impacts the brain in the early stages of development and produces a wide range of complications in one’s communication skills, social interactions, and educational performance. The cause of this condition has been linked to too few or too many genes on chromosome 15 and is associated with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis (Whiteman, 2015). In addition, research has indicated that ASD primarily affects the white matter of the brain which is responsible for connecting different parts of the brain via nerve fibers. Throughout the past decades, the number of autism cases has increased drastically and is now considered to be the fastest-growing developmental disability. In fact, more people are diagnosed with autism than cancer, AIDS, and diabetes combined (Rosenblatt & Carbone, 2012).

There are a wide variety of symptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discussed frequently because of the knowledge and commonality of them. However, not everybody is familiar with a disorder such as Autism. This is due to the uncertainty of the cause of Autism and isn’t non life-threatening existence. The overall concept

Defining and understanding autism is not only difficult for ordinary people, it is very much a work in progress for the medical community, since research still has a long way to go. Autism itself is a wide umbrella term that encompasses vastly different combinations of symptoms, from mild to severe, which why it is more accurately called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).