5.1 Introduction
Communication is an integral part of human existence. Communication decides the very identity of human beings. Modern society is turning into an information society and communication is the exchange of this information. Communication is a process basically concerned with sharing or transferring information from a Sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood by both sender and receiver. It starts with the transmission of message by communicator and end with receiver’s feedback. Models of Communication are conceptual models used to explain the communication process in humans. They can be graphically represented for easy comprehension of their process. In communication model,
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The sender encodes a message and sends it to the receiver who in turn decodes it, encodes it and sends it back to the original sender. In this model there is a two way communication process that takes place. This model has added feedback, indicating that communication is a two way process not one way. It also has “field of experience” which includes our cultural background, ethnicity geographic location, extend of travel, and general personal experiences gathered in our lifetime. This model indicates that the speaker and listener would be able to communicate better if they have common fields of experience, or fields which overlap.
Limitations:
There are certain drawbacks to this model. They are as follows
• This model does take feedback into consideration however it is not simultaneous. For example, in case of instant messaging, the sender sends an instant message to the receiver, and then has to wait for the instant message from the receiver to react. Here the sender and the receiver have to wait for their turns, only when one sends the feedback then the second can receive and send a feedback.
• This model does not indicate that communicators can both send and receive messages simultaneously.
• The model fails to acknowledge the dynamic (changes over time) nature of communication process.
C. Transactional Model
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Cascading model
Introduction
The Cascade Communication Process downloads team deliberations to all organizational levels. At the same time, it uploads the organization’s reactions, suggestions, alternatives, and ideas back to the team—and all without elaborate technology. The benefit of this dynamic two-way communication is that teams truly become interactive bodies that tap into the creativity of the whole organization.
Process
Cascade communications work by sending messages down the chain from senior executives or Executive Board to senior managers. They in turn pass the message to their junior managers and then through every layer of management through to the workforce. Research shows that staff likes to receive information via their managers; this approach utilizes that personal approach.
Let’s understand this example:
Senior managers or Executive Board meet to discuss the messages they want to see broadcast throughout the organization
These are then discussed with the internal communications team (or HR) and the messages developed
Senior managers then call together all their direct reports and brief them, this process of reporting down occurs until everyone in the organization has received the
According to Schwartz (2001), communication can be said to be the process that involves the sending and receipt of messages of information among individuals. The communication process consists of two things. It involves the sending and receipt of a message. The message sent and received can be classified into two broad categories. These categories include non-verbal and verbal messages.
At Bayer, there are multiple methods used to collect, organize and communicate information to the employees. First, information at the site level distributes across email. For example, the emails include information such as community events, safety issues, Level 3 meeting minutes, construction updates, HR communications, promotion announcements, and short-term assignments. Also, some other technologies are used, including LMS (learning management system). As an illustration, this system is used to communicate and track training and OPLs (one point lessons) mainly for safety issues happening at the site. Additionally, there is also a company Sharepoint that can be used to gather and distribute information to the site. In the same way, management can post necessary information and
Communication has often been defined by scholar as the process by which people send messages and generate meanings across various contexts, cultures, and media. The process of communicating does not stop; it occurs cycle after cycle. Whether through verbal or non-verbal messages, the transaction takes place and is inevitable, named by scholars as The Principle of Communication Inevitability. Recognizing that communication will exist, whether intentional or not, it is important to understand the various areas of our life where communication may be vital to the success of the structure. One important area is focused on human
communication given to the source by the receiver toindicate understanding. (meaning) (Introducing Communication Theory, p. 11, side notes)
How do you communicate within your organization? What means of communications to use? Is it effective?
Channels of Communication - Techniques that conversation between stakeholders should occur. This could be described in a communications adviser that's distributed to all stakeholders.
Sommer et al. (2013) Communication is an interactive process between two or more people who send and receive messages to each other. The following is a simplified sample of communication; stimulus for information, comfort or advice, the sender initiates contact, the message is sent or expressed, variety of media used such as hearing, visual, touch or smell used and then feedback is received. Factors that affect communication vary such as personal (emotional, social, cultural, language differences), environmental (background noise, lack of privacy or proper accommodation), and relationship factors (communication influenced by status) can interfere with communication.
The communication theory was proposed by S.F Scudder in the year 1980. It states that all living beings existing on the planet communicate although the way of communication is different. The universal law of the communication theory says that all living things, whether they’re plants, animals or human beings, communicate through sound, speech, visible changes, body movements, gestures or in the best way possible to make others aware of their thoughts, feelings, problems, happiness or any other information. (Merton, R.K. 2001)
Communication is a two-way process that takes practice and time to be fully effective and is very important in every aspect our personal and professional lives. We communicate every day of our lives both verbally or nonverbally. The process of verbal communication is the exchanging information by transmitting an idea, send that idea, receive feedback, understand the idea and the feedback and provide feedback to the person who sent the message. The main components of communication are context, encoder, message, medium, decoder, and feedback. The context could be social, chronological, cultural, or physical. The individual sending the message will
It is quite easy to pass off the study of communications as “no, duh” research, but every aspect of human communication can be further studied and explained in a way that cannot be seen from the surface. There is a name and concept that accounts for virtually all human behaviors and interactions. Careful study and observation of these behaviors can help us better understand the way people function and become more self-aware. There are some main, key concepts that can give a good basis for understanding communication, but it is a field that goes incredibly in depth and detail.
Communication is an ongoing process in which individuals exchange messages whose meanings are influenced by the history of the relationship and the experiences of the participants. (Adler, p.384) Communication depends on relationships between the people who are communicating, and on common basics between them. Problems in communications between people may arise due to differences in cultures, perceptions, values, and expectations from life.
Communication is a two-way process that takes practice and time to be fully effective and is very important in every aspect our personal and professional lives. We communicate every day of our lives both verbally or nonverbally. The process of verbal communication is the exchanging information by transmitting an idea, send that idea, receive feedback, understand the idea and the feedback and provide feedback to the person who sent the message. The main components of communication are context, encoder, message, medium, decoder, and feedback. The context could be social, chronological, cultural, or physical. The individual sending the message will
Communication is a way of life for sociable organisms on earth. There are many forms of communication and several are used without saying a word or making a sound. With the types of communication in the world, communicating effectively may seem an unlikely idea. Effective communication between two individuals or more is dependable on the way the message from the sender has encoded the information. Effective communication insists that information sent should be received and retransmitted back to the sender without any loss in translation. To understand communication, it must first be broken down so that each
Communication is the exchange of information and feeling or ideas, which allow the majority of people to get the news of all sides. In addition, we are used the communication every day to let people know what we are doing or thinking even feeling which people are received that by voice, picture or chat. Moreover, communication technologies have made it simple to communicate to friends in the other side of the world by calling them using mobile phone, e-mailing them and writing in our web pages using social networks, such as Face book, Twitter or Messenger. Additionally, many other recourses are used by the majority of people to keep in touch with the world, which they can watch television or listen to the radio
In addition, understanding different models of communication enable members inside and outside an organisation to depict different messages being provided by the employee or customer and develop their communication skills. The Shannon and Weaver model of communication was developed to show the effects of communication between two people (Kikoski, 1993). In the Shannon and Weaver model, a message is encoded (via a symbolic form) from a source (the sender) through a medium called a channel, and decoded (retranslated) by the receiver. However, the message can be interrupted by a process called noise and can result in discrepancy and sometimes negative feedback from the receiver (Bowman and Targowski, 1987). In response to the Shannon and Weaver model of communication, through the identification of any noise within the communication process, as a result of the manager level of attunement in communication skills, the encoded