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Concept Introduction:
Covalent bond is defined as a bond is formed from mutual sharing of electrons between atoms. Lewis structures are representations of the covalent bond. In this, Lewis symbols show how the valence electrons are present in the molecule.
The steps to draw the Lewis structure of the molecule are as follows:
Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound that has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.
Step 2: Estimate the total number of valence electrons.
Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.
Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.
The formula to calculate formal charge of the atom is as follows:
The different structures can be drawn for the same molecule. Structures that minimize the amount of formal charge found on each atom are more stable than structures that place large amounts of formal charge on atoms.
The structures that have adjacent atoms with formal charges of the same sign are less stable. Lewis structures that show the smallest formal charges are stable. The structure that has negative formal charges on the more electronegative atoms are favored.
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Chemistry: Principles and Practice
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- Consider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no sulfur–sulfur nor oxygen–oxygen bonds. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the pyrosulfate ion using only single bonds. (b) What is the formal charge on the sulfur atoms for the Lewis structure you drew in part (a)? (c) Write another Lewis structure using six bonds and two O—S bonds. (d) What is the formal charge on each atom for the structure you drew in part (c)?arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. (a) CS2 (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the bonding is in the order HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)arrow_forwardExplain in your own words why the energy of two H atoms is lower when the atoms are 74 pm apart than when the atoms are (a) 25 pm apart; (b) 100 pm apart.arrow_forward
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