Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 1HYEW
Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder mysteries, causing the hapless victim to die almost instantly. Cyanide exerts its lethal effects by blocking the last protein in the ETC: an enzyme that combines energy-depleted electrons with oxygen. If these electrons are not carried away by oxygen, they act like a plug in a pipeline. Additional high-energy electrons cannot trawl through the ETC, so no more hydrogen can be pumped across the membrane, and ATP production by chemiosmosis stops abruptly. Because the energy demands of our cells are so great, blocking
Why Cyanide Is So Deadly?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Diatomic oxygen (O2) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements?
A. it is not able to cross the membrane by passive transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic
it is not able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic
it is able to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, because it is small, polar, and organic
it is able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, nonpolar, and organic
it is able cross the membrane by simple diffusion, because it is small, nonpolar, and inorganic
Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"
that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane
"leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight-
loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have
on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial
membrane? Why do you think this might be an
effective weight-loss drug?
Intermembrane
space
Mitochondrial
matrix
ATP Synthase
ADP
Inner mitochondrial
membrane
ATP
Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from
ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)
Which of the following complexes is not involved in pumping protons to the inter-membrane space?
O Complex IV
O Complex III
O Complex II
O Complex I
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Colin, a 45-year-old obese man, comes to you, his...Ch. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- Active transport across membrane can be mediated by the following mechanisms: “Uphill” transport is powered by energy from photons. A solute is driven “uphill” compensated by a different solute being transported “downhill.” “Uphill” transport is powered by ATP hydrolysis. All of the above. None of the above.arrow_forwardThe proton motive force is made as an example of what type of molecular movement? Facilitated (gated) Facilitated (channel) Active Passivearrow_forwardA common metabolic strategy is the lack of reactivity—that is, the slowness to react— of compounds whose breakdown is exergonic. For example, hydrolysis of ATP to ADP or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is exergonic but does not take place without an appropriate enzyme present. Why would the cell use this metabolic strategy?arrow_forward
- Describe the role of each of the membrane proteins shown in the picture below. Think about what is happening to the electrons and describe how energy is transformed as electrons move along the chain. Part of this involves the formation of the proton gradient. The other part is the explanation of the energetics of electron transport that you investigated above. In other words, the reason that electrons always flow from complex I to complex III to complex IV to oxygen.arrow_forwardThe proton channel of ATP synthase consists of: 8–14 pairs of α helices. 8–14 a subunits. 7 α helices. 8–14 α helices. 8–14 half-channels.arrow_forwardATP synthase attaches a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP .This process requires energy. The energy is provided by electron carrier molecules in the electron transport system that pump ___________into the intermembrane space (also called outer compartment). When these move back into the ___________, they must move through ATP synthase. This movement through ATP synthase provides the power needed by ATP synthase to push the third phosphate group onto ADP. protons (H+ ions); mitochondrial matrix protons; intermembrane space electrons; intermembrance space electrons; mitochondrial matrixarrow_forward
- Which of the following processes will result in a direct net increase of ATP concentration? Group of answer choices Anabolic chemical pathways Primary Active transport dehydration synthesis Glycolysisarrow_forwardYou treat cells with 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP). This compound creates a temporary channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria though the protons can move. Which of the following would you observe in these cells? Select all that apply The cells do not synthesize ATP in the presence of DNP The cells synthesize ATP in the presence of DNP The cells reduce oxygen in the presence of DNP The cells generate carbon dioxide in the presence of DNParrow_forwardThe sodium/potassium ATPase pump hydrolyzes one molecule of ATP in order to transport: two potassium ions into the cytoplasm, and three sodium ions to the exterior three sodium ions into the cytoplasm, and two potassium ions to the exterior two sodium ions into the cytoplasm, and three potassium ions to the exterior three potassium ions into the cytoplasm, and two sodium ions to the exterior two sodium ions to the exterior, and three potassium ions into the cytoplasmarrow_forward
- In the cell shown below, glucose has entered the cell through the cell membrane to undergo a series of steps that will result in the production of energy. Which of the following scenarios is most likely, based upon the interactions of the organelles involved in this process? Cell Membrane ATP Electron NADH transport FADH, ATP ATP Cytosol NADH со но ATP Acetyl TCA Co-A Glucose Glycolysis Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxygen present NAD NADH In absence of oxygen NADH nishment NAD Fermentation Lactate A. Inhibition of cytosolic functions forming lactate will cut off supplies for mitochondrial processes. B. Disruption of glucose transport across the cell membrane will decrease ATP production by mitochondria. C. Inhibition of mitochondrial function will cut off all ATP supplies for cytosolic processes. D. An increase in glucose transport across the cell membrane will decrease CO₂ production by mitochondria. SUBMITarrow_forwardWhich one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? Electrons are passed from one carrier to another releasing a little energy at each step Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound in preparation for the citric acid cycle Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2arrow_forwardFigure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.arrow_forward
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