Concept explainers
To determine:
In lakes,
Introduction:
Bacteria and other cells acquire energy in many ways; one of them is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is of two types, aerobic cellular respiration, and anaerobic cellular respiration. Cellular respiration requires nitrate oxygen and sulfate to break down the nutrients to obtain energy.
BOD (Biological oxygen demand) refers to the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic organisms to break down organic material present in the water.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
- You are observing an organism. It appears to extract energy stored in inorganic molecules like ammonia, nitrites and hydrogen sulfide; it uses carbon dioxide as its primary carbon source. What kind of organism is it? (Hint: think nutrition groups)arrow_forwardToxic byproducts are made by some organisms that use oxygen for metabolism. true/ falsearrow_forwardMany microorganisms in lakes use cellular respiration to generate energy. Dumping large amounts of raw sewage into rivers or lakes typically leads to massive fish kills, even if thesewage itself is not toxic to fish. What kills the fish? How might you reduce fish mortality after raw sewage is accidentally released into a small pond?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true of chemoautotrophs? O They use hydrogen sulfide as their hydrogen source for the photosynthesis of their organic compounds. O They "feed themselves" by obtaining energy from the chemical bonds of organic molecules. O They oxidize inorganic compounds to obtain energy to drive the synthesis of their organic compounds. O They live as decomposers of inorganic chemicals in organic litter. O They obtain their energy from oxidizing chemical compounds and get their carbon skeletons from organic compounds. MacBook Pro Ca G Search or type URL 24 & * 3 5 6. E R Y K D.arrow_forwardWhich of the following could be an effect of an excess ofsewage running into a freshwater reservoir?(a) It could cause the water to become polluted and nonpo-table.(b) It could cause an increase in the biological oxygen de-mand (BOD).(c) It could cause oxygen depletion, leading to an increasein the anaerobic microbial population.(d) Large quantities of organic wastes could be left behind,killing off many plants and animals or causing animalsto migrate.(e) All of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following carbon-containing compounds is used by an Autotrophic bacterium as its carbon source? Acetic acid (C₂H4O2) Glucose (C6H12O6) CO₂ gas Ethanol (C₂H6O)arrow_forward
- E. coli cells require organic compounds, such as glucose as its carbon and energy source, and prefer to live in an fully oxygenated environment. Which of the following is the most accurate way to describe E. coli based on its trophic properties? O Chemolithoautotroph Phototroph Anaerobic bacterium O Chemoorganoheterotropharrow_forwardFigure 22.19 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? Nitrogen fixing bacteria exist on the root nodules of legumes and in the soil. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates (NO3 ) into nitrogen gas (N2). Ammonification is the process by which ammonium ion (NH4+) is released from decomposing organic compounds. Nitrification is the process by which nitrites (NO2-) are converted to ammonium ion (NH4+).arrow_forwardIn fermentative metabolism, a microbe produces ATP by: oxidizing NADH to form the proton motive force more than one of the answers is correct generation of a proton motive force by transfer of electrons to oxygen substrate level phosphorylationarrow_forward
- Extremophiles are microorganisms that can survive and proliferate in extreme environments. One group of such microorganisms are lithotrophs. These are found deep beneath the Earth's surface, living on rocks under anaerobic conditions and surviving on CO2 as their sole source of carbon. Imagine that you are studying a newly discovered lithotroph and are trying to determine what it uses as a source of electrons for reducing CO2 and for producing energy. Which one of the following conditions must be met for a molecule to serve as a useful electron donor? Oxidation of the molecule occurs with a decrease in free energy. Oxidation of the molecule occurs with an increase in free energy. Reduction of the molecule occurs with a decrease in free energy. O Reduction of the molecule occurs with an increase in free energy.arrow_forwardPollution caused by liquid and solid waste in the country would be prevented and reduced.for this purpose what should the government do?arrow_forwardHigh levels of certain plant nutrients in runoff can lead to rapid growth of algae (an algal bloom) in aquatic ecosystems. These algal blooms are generally followed by algal death and decomposition, which consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water and results in oxygen levels insufficient to support aerobic respiration. This process is known as eutrophication. The amount of algae present in a body of water can be estimated from the amount of chlorophyll a in a sample of the water. A researcher studying eutrophication collected samples at different times of the year in a freshwater ecosystem. The samples were analyzed for total nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentration (Figure 1) as well as total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentration (Figure 2). Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher’s study? a.The variance of the data points from the trend line b.The slope of the trend line showing the rate…arrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning