Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 3RQ
What role do the following play in breaking down and harvesting energy from glucose: glycolysis,
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In which step of glycolysis does each of the following occurs?
second substrate-level phosphorylation reaction
first ATP-consuming reaction
third isomerization reaction
use of NAD+ as an OA
A proton gradient is created during the electron transport chain using the energy released from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. The protons then cross the membrane through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient, and ATP is produced. This is an example of
A) energy coupling
B) cotransport
C) allosteric regulation.
Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration?
A)NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell.
B)They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated.
C)They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion.
D)The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell.
E) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
14.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Colin, a 45-year-old obese man, comes to you, his...Ch. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- Photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forwardAt the end of cellular respiration, how many molecules of NADH are there? Group of answer choices a)2 b)6 c)0 d)4 e)8arrow_forwardFor Glycolysis what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forward
- 5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?arrow_forwardTable 7: ATP Yield from Aerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) in a Eukaryotic Cell # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of NADH and FADH2 Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis Transition Step NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NET TOTAL of ATPS Produced Krebs Cyclearrow_forwardTable 8: ATP Yield from Anaerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of NADH and FADH, Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NETTOTAL of ATPS Produced Fermentationarrow_forward
- Indicate whether the statement is true for aerobic respiration, photosynthesis or both: The transfer of electrons via redox reactions is coupled to the movement of protons from one side of the membrane to the other a)Aerobic Respiration b)Photosynthesis c)Botharrow_forwardHow much ATP is made available to the cell from a single glucose molecule by the operation of (1) glycolysis, (2) the formation of acetyl CoA, (3) the citric acid cycle, and (4) the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?Where does each of these processes take place in a eukaryotic cell?arrow_forwardThermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except A) decrease the proton gradient. B) uncouple ATP synthesis from electron transport. C) generate heat. D) decrease ATP synthesis. E) increase ATP synthesisarrow_forward
- How many ATP (net) are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the Kreb's/Citric Acid cycle part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the electron transport part of cellular respiration? In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made? In which phase of cellular respiration is water made? In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate? In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate? On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process? On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH₂ during the electron transport process?arrow_forwardList the following steps of cellular respiration in order - glycolysis-energy investment phase -pyruvate enters mitochondria -TCA cycle -glycoysis-energy payoff phase -formation of acetly-CoA -electron transport chainarrow_forwardHow does the proton motive force lead to production of ATP? A) ATPase requires one proton to make one ATP. B) Protons must be pumped against a concentration gradient from outside of the cell into the cell to rotate the F0 subunit of ATPase for the F1 subunit to make ATP. C) Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase requires protons as cofactors in the reaction. D) Translocation of three to four protons drives the F0 component of ATPase, which in turn phosphorylates one ADP into ATP.arrow_forward
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