Given methoxide ion reacts with bromoethane in a single step as shown. The bonds broken and formed are to be identified and curved arrows are to be drawn to show the flow of the electrons. Concept introduction: Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons if one bond is broken other has to be formed so as to maintain the octet rule. To identify: The bonds broken and formed in the reaction given and to draw curved arrows to show the flow of the electrons.

Question

85. Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas. (b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint: We will see how to do this calculation in a later chapter on gases—for now use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.) (c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH∘fΔHf° of propane given that ΔH∘fΔHf° of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH∘fΔHf° of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 45AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given methoxide ion reacts with bromoethane in a single step as shown.

The bonds broken and formed are to be identified and curved arrows are to be drawn to show the flow of the electrons.

Concept introduction:

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons if one bond is broken other has to be formed so as to maintain the octet rule.

To identify:

The bonds broken and formed in the reaction given and to draw curved arrows to show the flow of the electrons.

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85. Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas. (b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint: We will see how to do this calculation in a later chapter on gases—for now use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.) (c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH∘fΔHf° of propane given that ΔH∘fΔHf° of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH∘fΔHf° of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.

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