Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 54, Problem 9TYK
The amount of energy available at the highest trophic level in an ecosystem is determined by:
a. only the gross primary productivity of the ecosystem.
b. only the net primary productivity of the ecosystem.
c. the gross primary productivity and the standing crop biomass.
d. the net primary productivity and the ecological efficiencies of herbivores.
e. the net primary productivity and the ecological efficiencies at all lower trophic levels.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction.
Question: Why does the organism’s interaction appear in an oscillating pattern? What does it suggest?
Netprimary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem, aftersubtracting energy lost in:a.dead plant tissues.b.inedible plant tissues.c.respiration by primary producers.d.respiration by primary consumers.e.inefficiencies of photosynthesis.
When hunting disrupts the balance in the food chain by removing all owls, there will be no predators on snakes, leading to their increase in numbers.
Considering the scenario where the number of lost owls (4) is replaced by snakes, compute for energy units following in completing the table below.
Trophic Levels
No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level
No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above
No. Units Used / Individual (Resp)
No. Units Used in Trophic Level
No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level
Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level
SUN +E = 6
1) Plants
30
2
2) Grasshopper
19
2
3) Frog
12
2
4) Snake
8 + 4 = 12
2
5) Owl
0
2
Chapter 54 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 54.1 - In the generalized compartment model of...Ch. 54.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54.2 - What is the difference between gross primary...Ch. 54.2 - What environmental factors influence rates of...Ch. 54.2 - Why is energy lost from an ecosystem at every...Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 3SB
Ch. 54.3 - What is Earths main reservoir for phosphorus, and...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 54 - The total dry weight of plant material in a forest...Ch. 54 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 54 - Which process moves nutrients from the available...Ch. 54 - Which of the following materials has a sedimentary...Ch. 54 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 54 - The amount of energy available at the highest...Ch. 54 - Which of the following statements is supported by...Ch. 54 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 1ITD
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.arrow_forwardA conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Based on this scenario, what is the most significant role of sea otters in the marine community? Why it’s important?arrow_forwardAn arctic tundra has a net primary productivity of 100 g m2 yr1 of C. Herbivores in the system ingest 33 g m2 yr1 of C, but then lose 26 g m2 yr1 of C through egestion and respiration, yielding an actual herbivore productivity of 5 g m2 yr1. What is the trophic efficiency (as a percentage) for this system? Your Answer: Answerarrow_forward
- The direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents... A E O B) direction of movement of matter O Both B and C O A, B, and C O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer O C) direction of movement of energy O Both A and Carrow_forwardGross primary productivity refers to the total a. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time b. energy captured initially by the producers c. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem d. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time e. energy used by the producers for their growth and reproductionarrow_forwardThe number of trophic levels an ecosystem can support is driven by… (select all that apply) A- The amount of energy available (primary productivity) B- The speed of nutrient cycling (decomposition) C- The population size of top predators in the ecosystem D- The efficiency of energy transfer across trophic levels E- The composition of the plant communityarrow_forward
- The data shows the energy available per individual in the food chain illustrated in the diagram. 1.80- 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80- 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 C D Organism Which trophic level represents the grass? A В energy/individual (J)arrow_forwardEcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardConstruct a biomass pyramid for the following hypothetical scenario. Be sure to include all four trophic levels in the pyramid, and provide the total biomass of living things found at each level. Be sure to include units, and label each trophic level. The shape of your pyramid should be based on the biomass of each trophic level. Levels with more biomass should be drawn wider, and levels with less biomass should be drawn thinner. Note that your biomass pyramid may or may not be a true pyramid. Scenario: Hickory Run Nature Reserve is a 150-acre conservation area filled with plants and animals native to the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A baseline study was done to determine the total biomass of producers and consumers living on the reserve. Baseline data will be compared to data collected in future years to determine trends in species accumulation or loss. This comparison is important because the region surrounding the reserve is experiencing a high rate of human development…arrow_forward
- Use the following information to respond to the prompts below the data table. Trophic Level Net Production (kJ m-2yr-1) Respiration (kJ m-2yr-1) Top Carnivores 63 25 Carnivores 1321 280 Herbivores 6178 7900 Producers 36922 50060 a) Draw a pyramid of productivity for this data. b) Calculate GSP for each of the trophic levels indicated above. c) Identify what information is unaccounted for in the data and outline how this is important to determining the productivity of a consumer. d) Explain why pyramids of productivity must always be upright and cannot be invertedarrow_forwardInterpreting Data In a classic study, John Teal measured energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem. The table below shows some of his results. Form of energy Kcal/m?/yr Efficiency of energy transfer (%) Sunlight 600,000 n/a Chemical energy in producers Chemical energy in primary consumers 6,585 81 Data from: J. M. Teal, Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43: 614-24 (1962). a. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the producers. That is, what percentage of the energy in sunlight was converted into chemical energy and incorporated into plant biomass? b. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the primary consumers. What percentage of the energy in plant biomass was incorporated into the bodies of the primary consumers? What became of the rest of the energy? c. How much energy is available for secondary consumers? Based on the efficiency of energy transfer by primary consumers, estimate how much energy will be available to tertiary consumers. d. Draw a…arrow_forwardThe total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the: O A. Biomass O B. Energy mass C. Organic mass O D. Trophic massarrow_forward
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