Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 54, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The agent of evolution expected to influence allele frequencies in a relatively small population typical of top predators, and the long-term evolutionary effects of small
Introduction:
Hardy–Weinberg principle explains that diploid organisms, under certain conditions, achieve genetic equilibrium, at which the allele frequencies of the population do not change in succeeding generations.
However, if the conditions are not fulfilled, then allele frequencies change and cause evolutionary changes. Mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, and nonrandom mating are the agents that cause these changes.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following best explains the connection between increased competition and the evolution of a species by natural selection?
Individuals migrate to another area in order to avoid competition for limited resources in the current ecosystem.
Individuals that have traits that allow them to outcompete others survive better and produce more offspring.
Individuals must become stronger to compete for resources, and this increased strength is passed on to the next generation.
Individuals that must compete for limited resources are more likely to have diseases that cause mutations.
worldwide, pest insects destroy a significant portion of food crops. for each new insecticide used, insecticides resistant insects appear and lead to the development of insecticide- resistant populations.
all insecticide is a poison that kills insects
describe the selective pressure ( driver of selection) in the example above and explain the reasoning for your choice
The rough-skinned newt, which lives in western North America, stores a poison in its skin and is avoided by predators. However, several populations of garter snakes have undergone one or a few mutations that enablethem to tolerate the toxin, and these snakes eat the newts with no ill effects. How has natural selection affected this predator–prey relationship? Based on what you have learned about evolutionary arms races, predict what may happen to the newts and the poison-resistant garter snakes over time.
Chapter 54 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 54.1 - In the generalized compartment model of...Ch. 54.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54.2 - What is the difference between gross primary...Ch. 54.2 - What environmental factors influence rates of...Ch. 54.2 - Why is energy lost from an ecosystem at every...Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 3SB
Ch. 54.3 - What is Earths main reservoir for phosphorus, and...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 54 - The total dry weight of plant material in a forest...Ch. 54 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 54 - Which process moves nutrients from the available...Ch. 54 - Which of the following materials has a sedimentary...Ch. 54 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 54 - The amount of energy available at the highest...Ch. 54 - Which of the following statements is supported by...Ch. 54 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 1ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the evolution of the population of a species of small rodents. Assume that the number of males and females are nearly equal. Due to statistical data one can assume that each female remains a juvenile for one year and then becomes an adult, and that only adults have offspring. The reproduction rate is 2. The adult surviving rate is α. The juvenile surviving rate is 2/5. Initially the population counted 100 females and 40 juveniles. What values of the adult surviving rate will ensure that the population stabilize?arrow_forwardYou are working on an undergraduate project, studying an insect species. A recent study showed that the pigmentation pattern used for camouflage is made by an enzyme K. However, it has been shown that, when compared to the Kk individuals, the KK homozygotes would have a higher chance of dying from pigment overdose before growing up, while the kk individuals can easily fall to predation before becoming adults. In fact, when compared to the Kk individuals, the estimated selection coefficients for KK and kk are 0.25 and 0.5, respectively. You are interested in what would happen to these alleles. At present, you have conducted a population survey and have 1000 larvae in your collection. Among them, 360 are KK, 480 Kkand 160 kk. 1)How many larvae would survive to adulthood a) 170 b) 414 c)583 d)750 e)830 2)Following up the previous question, what would be the KK genotype frequency at the adult? a) 0.090 b) 0.270 c) 0.325 d) 0.360 e) 0.529 3)Following up on the previous question,…arrow_forwardGame theory applied to evolution claims that an ESS (Evolutionarily Stable Strategy) can exist in a population. This ESS is a strategy that if all individuals adopt it, no mutant strategy can invade the population. Is the “jumping off a cliff when the food supply is limited” a real ESS? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- READ THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection. REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR: 17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland? 17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom- poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not? 17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur must exist within a trait.arrow_forwardMonarch butterflies and viceroy butterflies are both found in the United States and parts of Canada and Mexico. Monarch butterflies have a particular orange and black wing pattern and are toxic. Viceroy butterflies are non-toxic but have a very similar wing pattern to the monarch. Scientists have observed that attempted predation of viceroy butterflies is lower in regions that are also inhabited by monarch butterflies. Why would natural selection select for a non-poisonous butterfly with the same markings as a poisonous butterfly?arrow_forward3c: How could the total road kills go down, as the nests are going up? (Nests are something scientists use to estimate the size of adult swallows surviving long enough to reproduce.) 3d: What about the environment contributes to a change in the average wing length in the cliff swallow population over generations? 3e: What is the role of natural selection in explaining the change in average wing length in the population over generations?arrow_forward
- The graph in Figure 3 represents the beak sizes of the offspring of the birds that survived the drought of1977. (The survivors were represented by the black bars in Figure 2, and this graph shows the beak depth distribution of their offspring in 1978.) Explain the observed change in beak characteristics using the following concepts in your answer: competition, survival of the fittest, inheritance.arrow_forwardYou are studying a population of birds isolated on a small island. You discover that there the density of birds is much higher on the island than on the mainland, and birds are competing fiercely for resources. What other differences might you predict would evolve on the island as a result of the differences in density and competition? Larger offspring on the island More offspring on the island Reduced parental investment on the island All of the abovearrow_forwardMost Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following statements best explains this situation? O The starling parents do not care for their young, reducing their fitness. O The ecosystem can only support two offspring, reducing the fitness of both populations. O The population of starlings have limited resources to care for their young. O The starlings have fewer habitat options and fewer offspring, reducing their fitness.arrow_forward
- Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University have studied the ecology and evolution of finches on the Galapagos Islands since the early 1970s. They have shown that finches with large bills (as measured by bill depth; see Figure) can eat both small seeds and large seeds, but finches with small bills can only eat small seeds. In 1977, a severe drought on the island of Daphne Major reduced seed production by plants. After the birds consumed whatever small seeds they found, only large seeds were still available. The resulting food shortage killed a majority of the medium ground finches (Geospizafortis) on Daphne Major; their population plummeted from 751 in 1976 to just 90 in 1978. The Grants research also documented a change in the distributions of bill depths in the birds from 1976 to 1978, as illustrated in the graphs to the right. In light of what you now know about the relationship between bill size and food size for these birds, interpret the change illustrated in the graph. What type of natural selection does this example illustrate? Source: P. R. Grant. 1986. Ecology and Evolution of Darwins Finches. Princeton University Press.arrow_forwardIn some groups of marmosets, juveniles stick around to help their parents raise their young siblings. In doing so, they forego dispersal to a new group. Given this information, and this information only, what can be said of this behavior: O a. The juveniles have made a decision to maximize their inclusive fitness. O b. This scenario supports the Group Augmentation Hypothesis. O c. The juveniles have made a decision that increases their indirect fitness. O d. The juveniles have made a decision that maximizes their direct fitness. O e. This scenario supports the Temporal Variability Hypothesis.arrow_forwardRobins typically lay four eggs. Four eggs allow the offspring to be well fed, whereas larger clutches may result in malnourished chicks that have a lower chance of survival. Fewer than four eggs per clutch may result in no surviving offspring if the eggs are preyed upon. Which type of pattern of natural selection MOST LIKELY acts to keep four eggs the most common clutch size?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Animal Adaptations for Kids, Learn about physical, life cycle, and behavioral adaptations of animals; Author: Learn Bright;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2MibjJgyjs;License: Standard youtube license