Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 10TYK
Using the principle of diffusion, a dialysis machine removes waste solutes from a patient’s blood. Imagine blood runs through a cylinder wherein diffusion can occur across an artificial selectively permeable membrane to a saline solution on the other side. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Solutes move from lower to higher concentraction.
b. The concentration gradient is lower in the patient’s blood than in the saline solution wash.
c. The solutes are transported through a symport in the blood cell membrane.
d. The saline solution has a lower concentration gradient of solute than the blood.
e. The waste solutes are actively transported from the blood.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which process—diffusion, osmosis, or filtration—is utilized in the following situations? a. Injection of a drug that is hypertonic to the tissues stimulates pain. b. The urea concentration in the dialyzing fluid of an artificial kidney is decreased.
A student designed an experiment to test whether different concentration gradients affect the rate of diffusion through dialysis tubing. Four different solutions (0% NaCl, 1% NaCl, 5% NaCl, and 10% NaCl) were tested
under identical conditions. Twenty mL of each solution was placed into separate dialysis tubing that is permeable to Na+, Cl-, and water. Each bag was placed in a separate beaker and covered with distilled water.
The concentration of NaCl in the water outside of each bag was measured at 40-second intervals. The graph below shows the results from the 5% bag:
Concentration of NaCl Outside of Dialysis Bags
Concentration of NaCl (mg/L)
400
320
240
160
80
0
40
80
Time(seconds)
120
5% Solution
160
a. Describe the process of diffusion through the dialysis tubing.
b. If you were to design a different experiment testing rates of diffusion, identify experimental procedures.
c. Analyze that data in the graph and describe the results. Provide reasoning to justify your answer.
d.…
When comparing the solute concentrations of two fluids, the fluid with the higher solute concentration will be which of the following?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotonic
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.1 - Describe the fluid mosaic model for membrane...Ch. 5.1 - Give two examples each of integral proteins and...Ch. 5.2 - What is the difference between passive and active...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 5 - In the fluid mosaic model: plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 5 - The freeze-fracture technique demonstrated: a....Ch. 5 - A characteristic of carrier molecules in a primary...Ch. 5 - A driving ion moving through a membrane channel in...Ch. 5 - Phagocytosis illustrates which phenomenon? a....Ch. 5 - Place in order the following events of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 5 - Which of the following statements is true for the...Ch. 5 - Using the principle of diffusion, a dialysis...Ch. 5 - Discuss Concepts The bacterium Vibrio cholera...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...Ch. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...
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- Describe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea. Select one: 1/Urea diffused faster because it is smaller than sodium. 2/Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium. 3/Urea diffused faster because it is larger than sodium. 4/Urea diffused more slowly because it is smaller than sodium.arrow_forwardFor each scenario, choose which boundary condition would be appropriate. Consider and list what assumptions you might be making. 1.The solute of interest is diffusing towards the cell membrane, where it is binding to surface receptors. 2.Sugar is diffusing from the surface of a dissolving sugar cube. 3.Blood is flowing over an oxygen transport membrane in a blood oxygenator. 4.Nutrients are diffusing away from the epithelium in a capillary bed into the tissue. Describe the boundary where diffusion of solute from one capillary meets that of another if you assume regular spacing of capillaries.arrow_forwardA 500mL beaker is equally divided by a membrane permeable only to NaCl. Side A contains 250mL of a 1x10-6M of NaCl. Side B contains 250mL 1x10-12M of NaCl. In which direction will the NaCl diffuse? Select one: a. Diffuse Side A to Side B. b. Diffuse Side B to Side A. c. No diffusion will occur; it is already at equilibrium.arrow_forward
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