(a) Interpretation: The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated. Concept introduction: The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

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(a) Select all of the correct statements about reaction rates from the choices below. The lower the rate of a reaction the longer it takes to reach completion. The fastest step in a reaction is called the rate-determining step. As a reaction progresses its rate goes up. The rate of a reaction is independent of temperature. As a reaction progresses its rate goes down. Reactions involving very unstable combinations of chemicals have small rate constants. Reaction rates decrease with increasing temperature.

(a) Select all of the correct statements about reaction rates from the choices below. The lower the rate of a reaction the longer it takes to reach completion.Reaction rate constants increase with increasing temperature.Catalysts increase reaction rates.Fast reactions can be slowed down by lowering the temperature.Slow reactions can be speeded up by raising the temperature.The rate of a reaction is the same as the rate constant of the reaction.Reaction rate constants decrease with increasing temperature.

(a) Select all of the correct statements about reaction rates from the choices below. The lower the rate of a reaction the longer it takes to reach completion. The fastest step in a reaction is called the rate-determining step. As a reaction progresses its rate goes up. The rate of a reaction is independent of temperature. As a reaction progresses its rate goes down. Reactions involving very unstable combinations of chemicals have small rate constants. O Reaction rates decrease with increasing temperature. x

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compound that is present in the greatest amount and that is present in the least amount when reaction comes to equilibrium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of activation for the overall reaction A→D is to be labeled in the free energy diagram.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The faster reaction between C→B and C→D is to be stated with explanation.

Concept introduction:

The free energy diagram of a reaction is the plot of standard free energy versus reaction coordinate or reaction progress. The products and reactants are placed at their respective free energy. The difference in the free energy of products and reactants is the standard free energy of the reaction.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the compound D will be present in the greatest amount and compound C is least stable when reaction comes to equilibrium.

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Chapter 4 Solutions