Organic Chemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781936221349
Author: Marc Loudon, Jim Parise
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.30P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The free-energy diagram for a reaction
Concept introduction:
The transition state is formed during the conversion of reactants into products in the
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2b which determines whether a reaction is spontaneous. the net free energy change of the reaction or the activation energy of the reaction
Given the following reaction:
HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ NO2–(aq) + H3O+(aq)
What happens when some HNO2(aq) is removed from the solution?
Group of answer choices
A. The rate of the reverse reaction increases, producing more H3O+(aq).
b. The rate of the forward reaction increases, producing more H3O+(aq).
C. The rate of the reverse reaction increases, producing more HNO2(aq).
D. The rate of the forward reaction increases, producing more HNO2(aq).
When the reaction A+BC is at equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants are as follows; [A] = 2mM, [B] = 3mM, and [C] = 9mM. What is the standard free energy change for the reaction?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10P
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.52APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.60APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.63APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.64APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70AP
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- For which of these reactions will the difference between AH° and AE° be the smallest? X 5 H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g) C4PH3(g) → P4(9) + 6H₂(9) ⒸP4(s) + 10Cl₂(g) → 4PC15(s) CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(1) CH4(9) + 20₂(9) ON₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(9) -arrow_forwardOrganic Chemistry Loudon | Parise SEVENTH EDITION A reaction A(aq) + B(aq) = C(aq) has a standard free-energy change of −3.87 kJ/mol at 25 °C. What are the concentrations of A, B, and C at equilibrium if, at the beginning of the reaction, their concentrations are 0.30 M, 0.40 M, and 0 M, respectively? [A] = [B] = || presented by Macmillan Learning [C] = = M Enter numeric value M Marrow_forwardCalculate the nonstandard free energy change, ΔG, for the following reaction when P I2 = 2.50 atm, P Cl2 = 3.25 atm and P ICl = 0.210 atm. I2(g)+Cl2(g)⇌ICl(g) ΔG∘=−10.9 kJ/molarrow_forward
- 44. If the reaction A + B = C has an equilibrium constant greater than 1, which of the following statements is correct concerning the forward reaction? A) The forward reaction is not thermodynamically favored and would be considered non-spontaneous. %3D B) The forward reaction rate is fast. C) The forward reaction is slow. D) The forward reaction is thermodynamically favored and would be considered spontaneous.arrow_forwardpredict whether a reaction with a negative deltaH and a negative deltaS will be spontaneous, nonspontaneous, or temperature dependent. explain your answer.arrow_forwardO(g) +e- O-(g) ∆Ho= -142 kJmol-1 O+2e- O2-(g) ∆Ho= + 712 kJ mol-1Calculate ∆Hofor the reaction : O- + e- O2-(g) .arrow_forward
- 24) Consider the following free energy curve for the reaction: A=B Pure A Pure B extent of reaction a) At equilibrium (2), is the system more enriched in A or in B? Provide a brief explanation of your choice. b) What would be the relative value of K? Greater than one, zero, or less than 1? Again, provide a brief explanation of your choice. free energyarrow_forwardThe standard free energy variation, at 25 ºC, for equilibrium: Glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) Glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) is ΔGº '= + 7280 J / mol. Calculate a) The equilibrium constant of the reaction. b) The real change in free energy when one mole of G-6-P is transformed into G-1-P, both concentrations remaining constant and equal to 10mM and 2 mM respectively.arrow_forwardOpen Grammarly fills a reaction vessel with 6.73 atm methane (CH4) gas, 2.27 atm oxygen (O₂) gas, 5.83 atm carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas, and 8.00 atm hydrogen (H₂) gas at a temperature of 25.0°C. Under these conditions, calculate the reaction free energy AG for the following chemical reaction: CH₂(g) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂(g) 2 Use the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab. Round your answer to the nearest kilojoule. kJ X Ś ? l Ararrow_forward
- A chemist fills a reaction vessel with 4.44 atm methane (CH4) gas, 3.26 atm oxygen (O2) gas, 9.73 atm carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, and 1.99 atm hydrogen (H2) gas at a temperature of 25.0°C. Under these conditions, calculate the reaction free energy AG for the following chemical reaction: CH2(g) + O2(g) CO2(g)+2H2(g) Use the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab. Round your answer to the nearest kilojoule. kJ хarrow_forwardWhen the reaction A + B ⇌ C is at equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants are as follows: [A] = 2 mM, [B] = 3 mM, and [C] = 9 mM. What is the standard free energy change for the reaction?arrow_forwardThe standard reaction free energy AG =-1181. kJ for this reaction: 4 H,02(1) + PbS(s)→PbSO4(s) + 4 H2O(1) Use this information to complete the table below. Round each of your answers to the nearest kJ. reaction х10 1 Poso,6) + 4,0() - 4,0,) + Pos() - PbSo,(s) 3 H,0(1) 3 H,0,(1) + - PbS(s) O kJ PbSo, (s) + 4H,0() → 4H,0,(1) + Pbs(s) 4H,0,(1) + PbS(s) kJ H,0,(1) + PbS (s) i Pbso,(4) + H,0() | kJarrow_forward
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