Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 38.4, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The main function of vitamin D in the homeostasis of calcium is to raise the absorption of calcium from the intestine. Absorption of calcium occurs usually by both an active transcellular pathway (energy-dependent) and by a passive paracellular pathway (non-energy dependent) across the tight junctions.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The primary function of ADH is to
cause the retention of water.
delay urination.
increase digestive absorption.
decrease blood pressure.
increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys.
00000
Which of following statements best describes the action of parathyroid hormone on
the kidney?
O Increases renal reabsorption of calcium and inhibits vitamin D
O Increases renal reabsorption of calcium and activates vitamin D
O Decreases renal reabsorption of calcium and inhibits Vitamin D
O Decreases renal reabsorption of calcium and activates Vitamin D
Prepared or fast foods contain high levels of sodium. An excess of sodium in the diet can increase blood pressure and increase your risk of heart attack. The average student consumes many prepared foods, resulting in an excess of sodium in the diet.Excess sodium affects aldosterone secretion and sodium ion absorption in the kidneys, respectively, in the following way:
Select one:
a.
Aldosterone Secretion
Sodium Ion Reabsorption
Decreases
Decreases
b.
Aldosterone Secretion
Sodium Ion Reabsorption
Decreases
Increases
c.
Aldosterone Secretion
Sodium Ion Reabsorption
Increases
Increases
d.
Aldosterone Secretion
Sodium Ion Reabsorption
Increases
Decreases
Chapter 38 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.1 - The synthesis of which class of hormone requires...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 38.5 - Some children with short stature can be...Ch. 38.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 1TYCh. 38 - Prob. 2TYCh. 38 - Which is false about polypeptide hormones? They...Ch. 38 - Which is false about the control of hormones? Many...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5TYCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYCh. 38 - Prob. 7TYCh. 38 - Prob. 8TYCh. 38 - Prob. 9TYCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYCh. 38 - What is the function of leptin, and what is the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 38 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 38 - Discuss the role of the different steroid hormones...
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- High levels of this medication will induce increased urination with resulting and fluid volume deficit? O Insulin Baclofen O Propranolol (Inderal) O Diazepam (valium)arrow_forwardThe following are hormones effects on the kidneys EXCEPT: -A mineralocorticoid increase the excretion of potassium ions. -ADH increases reabsorption of water -Aldosterone decreases the reabsorption of sodium ions -PTH increases reabsorption of calcium ionsarrow_forwardThis is released by the macula densa - inulin - bicarbonate - glucose - creatinine - calcium - adenosine - chloride - renin - aldosteronearrow_forward
- Edema is an abnormal swelling in the body caused by excess fluid retention in the tissues. It is most easily noticeable in the hands, feet, ankles, and face. Edema occurs primarily because of the body's retention of too much sodium (salt). The excess sodium causes the body to retain water. A B C An increase A decrease Aldosterone ADH TSH 1 2 5 Using the diagram and table above, complete the sentence below. Edema resulting from excess sodium retention is caused when there is ___A____ in ___B___ secretion from structure ___C___. A: AnswerB: AnswerC: Answerarrow_forwardYour patient has a condition called hyporenin hypoaldosterone, which results in low levels of aldosterone. [Note: the NORMAL actions of aldosterone in the kidney is to excrete K+ and reabsorb Na+.] This condition results in excess K+ in the blood (lab results showed 7.5 mmol/L K+ in the blood) and low levels of Na+ in the blood (lab results showed 110 mmol/L Na+ in the blood). Answer the following questions. For the calculation, show your work. A. What is the medical term for high blood K+ levels? B. Calculate the Equilibrium Potential for K+ using the above lab value and a normal ICF K+ level of 145 mmol/L. C. What is the normal RMP for ventricular cardiac myocytes? E. What effect can this condition have on the heart?arrow_forwardTrue or false ? atrial natriuretic peptide hormone inhibits reabsorption of na+ from the filtrate into the blood and is an antagonist to aldosterone True or false ?insulin secretions are controlled by hormonal stimuli True or false? effective filtration pressure in the kidney is increased by lowering the osmotic pressure of the blood in the glomeruli True or false ? atrial natriuretic peptide hormone inhibits reabsorption of na+ from the filtrate into the blood and is an antagonist to aldosterone True or false ?insulin secretions are controlled by hormonal stimuli True or false? effective filtration pressure in the kidney is increased by lowering the osmotic pressure of the blood in the glomeruli the partial pressure of co2 is greatest in ?A. arterial blood B. in the tissue C. alveolar air True or false?urine volume is controlled mainly by process that control filtration rate a sudden decrease in blood pressure will trigger____ in heart rate A. increase or B. decrease heart rate…arrow_forward
- are both statements correct? Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone decreases the rate of Na+ and Cl− reabsorption from the nephron. Atrial natriuretic hormone, secreted from the right atrium in response to decrease in blood pressure, acts on the kidney to decrease Na+ in the urine.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect? Select one: O a. ADH regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys O b. ADH is also known as vasopressin O c. without ADH, the proximal parts of the nephron are impermeable to water O d. ADH is synthesised in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland O e. ADH plays a key role in the homeostatic process called osmoregulationarrow_forwardHow is sodium balance monitored by the body? Select all that apply. O By sensing changes in blood pressure at the afferent arteriole. By sensing changes to MAP in the carotid and aortic arteries. O By sensing changes to plasma osmolarity through osmoreceptors. O By sensing changes in blood volume through atrial baroreceptors. O By sensing direct changes in plasma sodium levels through sodium receptors.arrow_forward
- Which of the following cause-and-effect relationships is correct? weight gain in Cushing’s syndrome is a result of the lipogenic action of cortisol. a person with adrenal insufficiency has difficulty excreting a water load in a normal period of time because of the actions of aldosterone on sodium and hence water reabsorption. anemia occurs in Addison’s disease because of the action of cortisol on GI iron absorption and on erythropoetin release. skin darkening in Addison’s disease individuals indicates that the site of the disorder is in the pituitary rather than the adrenal. synthetic glucocorticoids are useful in the treatment of arthritis because they stimulate bone growth. In humans, total adrenalectomy is fatal without replacement therapy whereas hypophysectomy is not. This is because after hypophysectomy: the adrenal cortex undergoes compensatory hypertrophy the adrenal catecholamines compensate for the metabolic actions of cortisol the secretion of aldosterone is not…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of aldosterone? Aldosterone Increases the number of open Na channels on the apical membrane of distal tubule cells OAldosterone decreases Na- reabsorption and K+ secretion Aldosterone binds to a g protein.coupled receptor OAldosterone is secreted by the macula densa ( డరంకగంగంగt fndroesos in10 ౧umetr of Na• / x• ATT2sంs on the ap/cal mcm br ane of distal tubule.cellsarrow_forwardWhich statement about antidiuretic hormone is TRUE? Antidiuretic hormone increases urine production. Antidiuretic hormone reduces urine production. Antidiuretic hormone is made by the kidneys. Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone causes dehydration.arrow_forward
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