Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 38, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hormones are the chemical messengers which are secreted into the blood by the glands present in our body. They are transported to the target organs via circulatory system. They help in development of growth,
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The gland that is directly stimulated by the nervous
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What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
View Available Hint(s)for Part E
cortisol
angiotensin II
aldosterone
ADH (vasopressin)
Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets secrete insulin into the bloodstream.
Amino acid absorption and protein synthesis are increased.
Body cells respond by increasing the rate of glucose uptake into target cells.
Body cells will increase the conversion of glucose into glycogen.
There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue.
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol:
increases bone mineralization by increasing serum Ca levels
decreases bone reabsorption by antagonizing the action of PTH on bone
decreases serum phosphate levels by decreasing renal phosphate reabsorption
decreases serum alkaline phosphatase levels by decreasing bone turnover
Chapter 38 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.1 - The synthesis of which class of hormone requires...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 38.5 - Some children with short stature can be...Ch. 38.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 1TYCh. 38 - Prob. 2TYCh. 38 - Which is false about polypeptide hormones? They...Ch. 38 - Which is false about the control of hormones? Many...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5TYCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYCh. 38 - Prob. 7TYCh. 38 - Prob. 8TYCh. 38 - Prob. 9TYCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYCh. 38 - What is the function of leptin, and what is the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 38 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 38 - Discuss the role of the different steroid hormones...
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- Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitarys posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?arrow_forwardThe kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”! What NON STEROID hormone is produced at the end (but as part of) of the RAS pathway?arrow_forwardThe kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma. The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words "who started it"! What STEROID hormone is elevated by increased activation of the RAS pathway?arrow_forward
- What hormone is released from the parathyroid glands? What is the function? What are the effects of the parathyroid gland on the bones; kidney and intestines Know the functions of aldosterone shown in figure 16.14 and Table 16.4 What stimulates aldosterone release? What does it do to the kidney? What does it do to blood sodium and fluid levels? What is the function of cortisol? What are its target organs and effects? What is cushing disease disease? What is addisons disease? Epinephrine and norepinephrine What stimulates its release What are its target organs and effects? What happens if there is hypersecretion? Know figure 16.16 What hormones causes the short term stress response? What occurs in the body in the short term stress response? What hormones causes the long term stress response? What occurs in the body in the short term stress response? Know figure 16.18 What is the function of insulin? What cells release it? What is the function of glucagon? What cells…arrow_forwardWhat is the appropriate drugs to treat hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among the below drugs and explain why: Peroxidine: A drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning Cimigine: A drug that inhibits potassium/iodine cotransporter Iodimine: A drug that inhibits iodinase from functioning Aldosine: A drug that inhibits production of angiotensinogen from the liver Aldoramine: A drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter Thyromine: A drug that stimulates thyroglobulin production Thank you,arrow_forwardIn Diabetic patients, the excess glucose is converted into O-linked-N- Acetylglucosamine. This byproduct causes vascular complications by reducing the release of from vessel endothelial cells. O insulin O nitric oxide O epinephrine O carbon dioxidearrow_forward
- A patient with type I diabetes is found in a coma. Blood glucose, urine glucose, blood ketones, and urine ketones are all elevated; serum HCO3- is < 12 mEq/L. Respirations are quick and deep with acetone breath. Blood pressure is 95/61 mm Hg, and the pulse is weak and rapid (119 beats/min).What factor in this patient's condition is the major cause of their low serum HCO3-? * O The patient has been excreting acidic urine. O The patient has been hyperventilating. O The patient has compensated for the low cO2. O it has been depleted to buffer ketoacids. O The patient tries to achieve a normal (HC03-1/Pco2 ratio.arrow_forward10 days after thyroid surgery, a patient returns to his physician complaining of problems that have gradually developed in the intervening period. It is determined that he has parathyroid deficiency due to inadvertent damage to the parathyroid glands because his signs and symptoms include Group of answer choices a low plasma Ca2+ level, increased muscular excitability, and spasm of the muscles of the upper extremity (Trousseau sign) low plasma phosphate and Ca2+ levels and tetany low plasma phosphate and Ca2+ levels and tetanus increased muscular excitability, a high plasma Ca2+ level, and bone demineralization.arrow_forwardExplain the role each of the following hormones play during formation. Specify the target location of each of the hormones: ADH Aldosterone ANP PTHarrow_forward
- Match the following hormones with their actions: ACTH epinephrine testosterone ADH estradiol thyroxine aldosterone insulin cortisol parathyroid hormone 1. sympathomimetic; elevates heart rate, blood pressure 2. promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics 3. stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine 4. increases metabolism in body cells 5. raises blood calcium 6. increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules 7. stimulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex 8. increases blood sugar_ 9. helps transport glucose to cells and decreases blood sugar 10. develops and maintains female sex characteristics __ Give the meanings for the following conditions: 11. hyponatremia - 12. polydipsia - 13. glycosuria - 14. euthyroid- Give the meanings for the following terms related to diabetes mellitus: 15. DM type 1 - 16. diabetic neuropathy - 17. ketoacidosis - 18. DM type 2-arrow_forwardThese two hormones have synergistic effects as they both stimulate glycogenolysis and increase glucose levels in the blood glucagon and epinephrine growth hormone and insulin insulin and epinephrine epinephrine and growth hormonearrow_forwardWhich of the following hormones requires iodine to be active? both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone O parathyroid hormone calcitriol estrogen O thyroid hormonearrow_forward
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