Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 38, Problem 3CCQ
A principle of biology is that living organisms maintain homeostasis. How do the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon cooperate to maintain glucose homeostasis? When are these hormones released into the blood? What might happen to a nonfasting mammal if it were injected with a high dose of glucagon?
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Thyroid cancer results when the cells in the thyroid gland divide uncontrollably. Individuals who have excessive exposure to radiation may have higher chance of getting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can be treated through surgery, iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. What is the purpose of prescribing thyroxine medication for patients following the surgical removal of the thyroid gland?
Select one:
a. to decrease TRH and increase TSH levels
b. to increase TRH and TSH levels
c. to decrease TRH and TSH levels
d. to increase TRH and decrease TSH levels
Why are Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels low when T3 and T4 levels are elevated in Grave's Disease?
In Graves' Disease, the pituitary gland is diseased causing low levels of TSH
TSH stimulates T3 and T4 production, so if T3 and T4 are elevated TSH levels are decreased
TRH, TSH, and T3/T4 are regulated by a positive feedback loop, so if T3 and T4 are elevated, TSH would be decreased
TSH inhibits T3 and T4 production, so if T3 and T4 are elevated TSH levels are decreased
Many functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue, but have effects in multiple areas.
Calcium can enter the body from what we eat and drink. It circulates through blood and is used by many organs, so it’s level is carefully regulated. The amount of calcium in the blood is maintained at a relatively constant level by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is secreted by the parathyroid gland and it functions to increase blood calcium levels. Hormone B is secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and it functions to decrease blood calcium levels.
Calvin, a teenage boy, begins eating ChocoRite™ Calcium Bites, a very tasty calcium supplement. He likes them so much that he ends up eating a whole package one afternoon.
1.Where does hormone B come from?
A)From the calcium regulatory cells
B)From the parathyroid gland
C)From calcium supplements,…
Chapter 38 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.1 - The synthesis of which class of hormone requires...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 38.5 - Some children with short stature can be...Ch. 38.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 1TYCh. 38 - Prob. 2TYCh. 38 - Which is false about polypeptide hormones? They...Ch. 38 - Which is false about the control of hormones? Many...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5TYCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYCh. 38 - Prob. 7TYCh. 38 - Prob. 8TYCh. 38 - Prob. 9TYCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYCh. 38 - What is the function of leptin, and what is the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 38 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 38 - Discuss the role of the different steroid hormones...
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- The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardFigure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.arrow_forwardDescribe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes the relationship between the Endocrine and Nervous Systems? Both systems work with the Urinary System to maintain acid-base balance in the blood Both systems regulate hair growth, temperature regulation, and hydration Both systems modulate the stress response, sleep/wake cycles, and metabolism Both systems work with the Urinary System to activate Vitamin Darrow_forwardIf an intact rat was injected with cortisol over several weeks, what would happen to his blood levels of ACTH? What would happen to his thymus gland? What would happen to his body weight?arrow_forwardA physician examines a patient who reports that he has experienced excessive sweating, irritability, and feverish episodes. Assay of hormones in blood reveal that thyroid hormone levels are abnormally high, and TSH levels are low. An RAIU (radioactive iodine uptake scan) reveals a hot spot on the thyroid, indicating a localized region of intense iodine uptake. What do you predict that this patient’s diagnosis will be? How would you attempt to treat such a condition?arrow_forward
- A researcher is curious whether 30 minutes of daily exercise can decrease the blood glucose levels back to normal in patients with type 2 diabetes. what would be the Control Group of this?arrow_forwardA group of college students is restricted to four hours of sleep per night for five days. After this time, the students are given a glucose tolerance test and are found to be pre-diabetic. Researchers hypothesize that the lack of sleep triggered the body to respond as if it were undergoing long-term stress. The hormone that is released in response to long-term stress and its effect on blood glucose levels are, respectively: Select one: a. Hormone Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Cortisol Raises blood glucose levels b. Hormone Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Cortisol Lowers blood glucose levels c. Hormone Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Adrenaline Lowers blood glucose levels d. Hormone Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Adrenaline Raises blood glucose levelsarrow_forwardFeedback loops regulate the release of hormones in either a positive or negative loop. Consider this example: The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). TSH then stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone. When elevated levels of thyroid hormone are detected by the hypothalamus and pituitary further release of TRH and TSH is suppressed. a. What type of feedback loop is described and briefly explain that type of Feedback loop?arrow_forward
- Feedback loops regulate the release of hormones in either a positive or negative loop. Consider this example: The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). TSH then stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone. When elevated levels of thyroid hormone are detected by the hypothalamus and pituitary further release of TRH and TSH is suppressed. a. What type of feedback loop is described and briefly explain that type of feedback loop? * Your answer (LENGHT DOESN'T MATTER, I NEED IT ASASP PLEASE)arrow_forwardFeedback loops regulate the release of hormones in either a positive or negative loop. Consider this example: The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). TSH then stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone. When elevated levels of thyroid hormone are detected by the hypothalamus and pituitary further release of TRH and TSH is suppressed. b. What would happen to the levels of TRH and TSH if a tumor of the thyroid gland were discovered resulting in uncontrolled release of the thyroid hormone from the tumor itself? * Your answer (LENGHT DOESN'T MATTER, I NEED IT ASASP PLEASE)arrow_forwardCompare and contrast how the endocrine and neural systems do long- distance communication within the mammalian body. State and be able to recognize the roles of neurons and various types of glia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia). Give two mechanisms for how different target cells exposed to the same hormone can respond in different ways. Predict how perturbations to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, the hormones they secrete, or iodine levels will affect hormone levels, thyroid size, metabolic rate, and intelligence in children. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Discuss how the environment, sex chromosomes, sex- determination genes, hormone levels, and anatomical features can contribute to sex determination in people or other organismarrow_forward
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