Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 33, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for fight or flight response. At the basic level, this division is constantly active for the maintenance of homeostasis homeodynamics. The sympathetic division gets activated under stress conditions and releases several hormones.
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Which of the following statements is true?
Chemical messengers within cells are always the main determinant of the effector response.
Dual innervation is always present in all organs and glands; one branch enhances the function or secretion, while the other branch inhibits it.
The beating of the heart is regulated only by the sympathetic division.
Some blood vessels contain alpha adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction in the presence of epinephrine, whereas others have beta adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation in the presence of epinephrine.
All the following regarding sympathetic
nervous system are true except: *
It is involved in stress & emergency
conditions.
It has a vasodilatory effect on skeletal
muscle blood vessels during rest.
All its preganglionic fibres are cholinergic.
Its stimulation increases the cardiac
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O
CODE
enhanced digestion
enhanced absorption of nutrients
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both A and B
Chapter 33 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 33.1 - Which of the following is false? The CNS of...Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.2 - The resting membrane potential occurs because the...Ch. 33.3 - Are ions the only substances that can move through...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 33.3 - Which is false? Graded potentials may die out or...Ch. 33.3 - Action potentials require a threshold potential...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.7 - Therapeutic drugs that reduce symptoms of...Ch. 33 - Prob. 1TYCh. 33 - Prob. 2TYCh. 33 - Prob. 3TYCh. 33 - Neurons that function mainly in connecting other...Ch. 33 - Prob. 5TYCh. 33 - Prob. 6TYCh. 33 - Prob. 7TYCh. 33 - Prob. 8TYCh. 33 - Prob. 9TYCh. 33 - Prob. 10TYCh. 33 - Describe the differences between graded and action...Ch. 33 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 33 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 33 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 33 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which of the following statements is correct in what happens when a muscarinic cholinergic receptor is activated? opens an ion channel allowing Na+ ions to move across the membrane increases the level of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm choose if none of the other choices are correct stimulates the production of cCAMP activates a G protein to open up different ion channelsarrow_forwardA sympathetic response can be inhibited/blocked by which is correct? Muscarinic and nicotinic receptor antagonist Alpha and Beta receptor antagonist Alpha and muscarinic receptor antagonist Beta and nicotinic receptor antagonistarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems is NOT correct? Hypothalamus controls a part of the endocrine system called the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus produces ADH Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the production of hormones from the adrenal gland. None of these. Which refers to the time during which a neuron can undergo an action potential? the resting membrane potential the depolarization period of the neuron polarization period of the neuron O the membrane potentialarrow_forward
- Sympathetic innervation can have pro- and anti- inflammatory effects. Which of the following statements does not support this suggestion relative to a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). O Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were less susceptible to this experimental IBD Catecholamines acting on alpha2-adrenoreceptors led to proinflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) production worsening the IBD in mice Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were more susceptible to this experimental IBDarrow_forwardWhich of the following could be used to describe Norepinephrine (NE)? Select all that apply. hormone neurotransmitter Secreted by most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers uses cholinergic receptors a beta blocker would decrease its activity Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers Next Droviousarrow_forwardFlaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin tubocurarine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channelsarrow_forward
- For each of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true or false. Postganglionic neurons can stimulate the heart [Select] Preganglionic nerve fibers originate from the brainstem or from the sacral part of the spinal cord [Select] Preganglionic fibers are relatively long [Select] Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate skeletal muscle [Select] Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select]arrow_forwardMost tissues regulated by the autonomic nervous system receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic input from postganglionic neurons. Responses are typically local. In contrast, the adrenal medulla receives input only from the sympathetic division and only from preganglionic neurons, yet responses are observed throughout the body. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of antagonistic control? O The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the brain stem and pelvic nerves, while the sympathetic arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. O Sympathetic stimulation causes renin secretion by the kidneys, but the kidneys are not innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system. O Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction, while sympathetic stimulation causes bronchodilation. O The vagus nerve innervates much of the viscera, changing the function of each of them independently of the others.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding autonomic nervous system function is false? autonomic efferent axons may be found in both cranial and spinal nerves autonomic efferent pathways are usually two neuron pathways preganglionic and postganglionic autonomic efferent neurons synapse in autonomic ganglia O cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X carry preganglionic parasympathetic axons O none of the above are false (all are true)arrow_forwardDiscuss why the sympathetic system is called the “fight-or-flight” system. Construct a table summarizing what occurs in each of the following body systems when the sympathetic system is stimulated. Explain why these responses occur. Body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, eyes, skin, gastrointestinal, urinary, and immune.arrow_forwardWhich activity decreases heart rate and force of contraction? sympathetic activation parasympathetic activation norepinephrine binding contractilityarrow_forward
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