Q: Common red clover, Trifolium pratense, is a diploidwith 14 chromosomes per somatic cell. What…
A: Ploidy is the change in the number of chromosomes among organisms. It can be distinguished into two…
Q: What is meant by the termhomologous chromosomes?
A: Chromosomes are filamentous bodies present in the nucleus. They are composed of DNA(…
Q: Define the important exception to the concept of homologous pairs of chromosomes ?
A: The complete set of DNA is called a genome. In prokaryotes, the genome is composed of a…
Q: Given that most chromosomes occur in homologous pairs, do most genes also occur in pairs?
A: Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of which 22 pairs are called autosomes and one pair…
Q: where is the chromosome abnormality? (chromosomes 1-23)
A: The chromosomal abnormality is the result of errors in the cell division following meiosis or…
Q: what are chromosome bands and why are they important
A: Chromosome banding is the term used to describe the alternating light and dark patches that appear…
Q: How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs?
A: The eukaryotic cells contain different organelles like lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus,…
Q: Which of the following does NOT accurately describe homologous pairs of chromosomes?
A: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, appearance, gene…
Q: why why heterozygosity for a deletion can be harmful?
A: Deletion refers to a type of mutation in which the genetic material in a chromosome is deleted or…
Q: You observe a very large pairing loop at meiosis. Is it more likely to be from a heterozygous…
A: The cell is the fundamental underlying, useful, and natural unit of every known life form. Cells are…
Q: Why do you think there are no viable trisomies of chromosome 1?
A: Chromosome 1 is the largest chromosome in human. Approximately 8% of the total DNA is found in this…
Q: How can alteration in chromosome number or structure impact living organism? Explain how Down's…
A: Meiosis also called as reductional division is the type of cell division where the number of…
Q: Would you assume that the length of a chromosome might have anything to do with the number of…
A: The chromosomes are duplicated during the process of cell division. The process of cell division…
Q: a. List three (3) features to identify the structure of a chromosome. b. Based on the three…
A: Introduction :- Chromosomes are the greatest level of DNA and protein organisation. Chromosomes'…
Q: What type of chromosome or fragment cannot be formed by the following chromosome inversion…
A: An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of chromosome is reversed end-to-end.…
Q: On which type of chromosome would you expect theleast number of new mutations per base pair? Why?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures present inside the nucleus of the cell. They are made up of…
Q: Why is the word homologous used to describe chromosome pairs, rather than the word identical?
A: Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that is acquired one from the paternal and another from…
Q: Why does more crossing over occur between two distantly linkedgenes than between two genes that are…
A: Answer- Crossing over is the mechanism in which a part of the sister chromatids of the homologous…
Q: Why RF = 50% in a dihybrid for genes on nonhomologous chromosomes
A: Mendel's law of independent assortment holds good only for the traits with non homologous…
Q: If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the…
A: Translocation means a change in location. It generally refers to genetics when part of a chromosome…
Q: Which of the following types of chromosomal changes would youexpect to have phenotypic consequences?…
A: Chromosomes carry the genetic material DNA. Chromosomes may undergo rearrangements that are the…
Q: Identify the type of chromosomal aberration described in each of the following cases and provide and…
A: A chromosome is a DNA molecule wrapped compactly around some protein molecules called histones. It…
Q: Explain why autosomal aneuploidy is generally more deleterious than aneuploidy for sex chromosomes.
A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…
Q: approximate and base pairs) between the largest and s
A: Chromosome- A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell is refers as the chromosome. It is made…
Q: Why is the frequency of recombinant gametes always half the frequency of crossing over?
A: Crossing over is the way in which exchange of genes between two chromosomes, lead to non-identical…
Q: e sex chromosomes the smallest chromosome in a karyogram? if not, the
A:
Q: Chromosome Pairs 1-22 are considered what type of chromosomes?
A: Chromosomes are filamentous bodies present in the nucleus. They are composed of DNA(…
Q: The two forms of recombination are general and _____________.
A: Recombination is the process of the formation of new DNA molecules from two parental DNA molecules.…
Q: Which of the following describes a Homologous Chromosome?
A: The gene is the basic fundamental of heredity. It is found in the chromosomes of the nucleus of the…
Q: A cross between two heterozygous individuals in one gene resulted in one phenotype, explain?
A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…
Q: draw the diagram of Deletion loops form in the chromosomes ofdeletion heterozygotes.
A: A 'homologous pair' of chromosomes are approximately the same length and centromere position. They…
Q: Which non-disjunction event has more chromosome number aberrations? Why?
A: Meiosis is a reductional division. It produces haploud gametes.
Q: Why are changes in chromosome number almost always more severe than changes in chromosome structure?
A: Introduction Chromosomal aberrations are the common cause of abnormal development of the embryo or…
Q: What is Dosage compensation as it relates to sex chromosomes
A: Dosage compensation explains why males and females have similar levels of gene expression despite…
Q: How does nondisjunction lead to disorders in chromosome number?
A: When the nucleotides sequences in the genome of an organism are altered or changed due to mistakes…
Q: describe a specific example of chromosome abnormality that leads to human cancers, such as leukemia,…
A: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the number and arrangement of genes in the chromosomes. They…
Q: In keeping with the style of Table 17-1, what would youcall organisms that are MM N OO; MM NN OO;…
A: The basic structural and functional units is usually defined as the way that they are been stated…
Q: Which chromosome lacks a polymorphic heterochromatic region often observed in G-banded chromosomes…
A: In 1928, E. Heitz coined the terms euchromatin and heterochromatin to describe the parts of…
Q: E B a. Draw the structure of the acentromeric chromosome using a line and letters to designate loci…
A: Inversion is one type of chromosome aberration where the chromosome segment is excised and…
Q: What is the law of the superposition?
A: Answer - The law of superposition is a law of stratigraphy science
Q: why Monoploids as well as polyploids containing odd numbersof chromosome sets are usually sterile?
A: The changes in the chromosome are of two kinds that involve changes in the complete set of the…
Q: In many organisms, including humans, chromosomes occur in homologous pairs; where does each member…
A: In higher organisms, chromosomes occur in homologous pairs. One chromosome of the pair from each…
Q: How does nondisjunction lead to abnormalities in chromosome number? Describe two types of genetic…
A: The failure of chromosome to seperate properly during mitosis or meiosis is called nondisjunction…
Q: What type of nondisjunction is the chromosome abnormality? Trisomy Or Monosomy
A: Trisomy: when one chromosome is present in 3 copies then the condition is called trisomy. The total…
Q: Chewbacca from Starwars is a part of a species that has 64 chromosomes for its diploid number. What…
A: Chromosomes are the specialized structures that carry the genetic information/genetic material for…
Q: Chromosomes in pair 23 are considered what type of chromosome
A: Karyotype is the pictorial representation of the chromosome pairs of an individual. It is a…
Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
No disjunction is the reason we get chromosome number anomalies. Explain?
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- In general, why do changes in chromosome structure or numbertend to affect an individual’s phenotype? Explain why somechanges in chromosome structure, such as reciprocal translocations,do not.In a fictitious organism, the diploid (2N) chromosome number is 12. Fill in the following table for type of chromosome number variation, number of chromosomes in an individual, or chromosome complement formula as needed. Type of variation Diploid Monosomic Double trisomic Autotetraploid Chromosome number 12 13 6 Chromosome comp. formula 2N 2N + 1 3N 4NA normal mother has translocations on chromosomes 14:21. With respect to chromosomes 14:21, how many combinations of chromosomes are possible? How many gametes are viable? If the woman has children with an normal father, what is the probability that there is a daughter with Down Syndrome or a son with an unaffected phenotype?
- An individual is heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, with the following chromosomes: A • B C D E F A • B C V W X R ST • U D E F R ST • U V W X Q. Draw the products of alternate, adjacent-1, and adjacent-2 segregations.What type of chromosome or fragment cannot be formed by the following chromosome inversion heterozygote after segregation?Turner’s syndrome is the most common sex chromosome aneuploid. Which sex chromosome aneuploid is the second most common, and why? Which sex chromosome aneuploid is likely the rarest, and why?
- A colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13. In discussing this discovery with a friend who is not a cytogeneticist, explain how you would describe this location, defining each term in the chromosome address 21q13.Identify the type of chromosomal aberration described in each of the following cases: a. loss of a chromosome segment b. extra copies of a chromosome segment c. reversal in the order of a chromosome segment d. movement of a chromosome segment to another, nonhomologous chromosomeCertain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18, 36, 54, 72, and 90 chromosomes; all are multiples of a basic set of nine chromosomes. How would you describe these varieties genetically? What feature do the karyotypes of each variety share? A variety with 27 chromosomes has been discovered, but it is sterile. Why?
- In a sample of 1000 patients with Down syndrome, a geneticist discovers that 95% of them are trisomic, while 5% have diploid number of chromosomes. Explain this discrepancy.A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…An individual that is heterozygous for an inversion has the following chromosomes(∗ is the centromere):M N O P Q • R S T Um n o t s r • q p u Assume that a crossover occurred between P and Q. Starting with “M” allele, list the remaining genes in order (NO spaces between the letters) of the chromosome resulting from crossing over. You must use upper and lower-case letters correctly and the * symbol for the centromere(s).