Trisomy: when one chromosome is present in 3 copies then the condition is called trisomy. The total number of that chromosome becomes 3 that's why they are called trisomy. Normally in somatic cell each chromosome is present in 2 copies (as we are diploid). Example of trisomy- trisomy of chromosome number 18 cause Edward's syndrome, trisomy of chromosome number 21 cause down syndrome.
Monosomy: when only one chromosome is present between 2 homogyous chromosome then the condition is called monosomy. The total number of that chromosome becomes 1 and for that reason it is called monosomy. Turner syndrome is caused due to monosomy of sex chromosome (females becomes XO), only one X chromosome is present.
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