Route availability

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Pharmaceutical) with Honours BTP2153 Pharmaceutical Formulation Method ASSIGNMENT 1 NAME: KONG YEE TONG MATRIC NO: TD 14004 LECTURER: DR. KRISHNAMOORTHY MASILAMANI DUE DATE: 9 MAY 2016 1.0 INTRODUCTION Based on United State Pharmacopeia, pastes are defined as semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application. (Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, 2009) Pastes are also intended for

CDs with their ability to form molecular inclusion complexes with drug substances, will affect many of the physicochemical properties of the drugs without affecting their vital pharmacological properties [6,7]. Due to the availability, cost and cavity dimensions the parent β-cyclodextrin (βCD) is the most extensively used [11,12]. Complexation efficiency can be improved by the addition of small amounts of a hydrophilic polymer to drug-CD complexes. Formation of ternary complexes

Synthesis of Aspirin Ling Tecson Gamido, Mitchiko Mariel M. Mizukami Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid, or also known as aspirin is known to be a drug that relives people of pain and is commonly used even today. It is synthesized from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride, both of small quantities. Phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis to speed up the process. Esterification is involved and the final product is aspirin with the presence of acetic acid as the byproduct. In order

Ophthalmic drug delivery is the most complicated drug delivery due to its unique anatomical and physiological barriers. Viruses, bacteria and fungi are the three most common pathogens causing various ocular disorders. The infections can be either local, where only the ocular tissues are infected or systemic where the infection spreads to various other organs. Immunocompromised patients are more prone to these infections. While some infections are self-limiting and benign, others are associated with

6. PREPARATION OF SEDDS Method of preparation may vary according to the dosage form of the formulation. The techniques can be implemented accordingly to the stability, sensitivity and adaptability of the drug excipients to self-emulsified form. In olden days, SEDDS are prepared in the form of liquid state where it will be enclosed by hard or soft gelatin capsules. By this, it helps to enhance oral administration and later on it is known to burden in the formulation. Main disadvantages are low drug

One formulation approach that could be used in order to develop a one-month sustained release formulation of compound 5 as a microbicide would be using intravaginal rings. Intravaginal rings are flexible and torus shaped devices that are placed in the vagina (adjacent to the cervix). A concentration gradient is formed when the device comes into contact with the vaginal lumen and hence the drug is released. The rings are usually made up of silicone or ethylene vinyl acetate. The efficacy is maximized

therapeutic equivalence is the one which has the same clinical effect and safety profile as given in the label of the RLD and a pharmaceutical equivalence is the one which contains identical amount of same active ingredient corresponding to the same route of administration in the same dosage form with similar mechanism of release and similar rate and extent of the absorption of the RLD. The current paradigm to get an approval by an ANDA sponsor is by proving the therapeutic equivalence to the RLD by

retentive drug delivery system, non-floating system, floating system, evaluation parameters INTRODUCTION: Advancement in drug delivery, oral route is the most common route to the systemic circulation due to easiest way of administration, low cost of drug, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation. About 90% of all drugs used are administered by oral route. Though the drugs are administered orally, solid oral dosage forms is the most common class of products. Tablets are the most common type

carriers are among the most explored nano sized drug delivery systems. They posses potentials for myriad applications such as targeting DD, controlled DD, absorption enhancement (Müller, Radtke et al. 2002). They can be formulated in most of treatment routes, from topical dosage forms to brain drug delivery. Because of their lipophilic nature, lipid nanoparticles have great potential to incorporate sparingly soluble APIs to modulate therapies. Lipid nanoparticles preparation can be categorized into solvent

1. They attach to cellular membrane and appear to fuse with them, releasing their content into the cell. 2. They are taken up by the cell and their phospholipids are incorporated into the cell membrane by which the drug trapped inside is released. 3. In the case of phagocytic cell, liposomes are taken up, the phospholipids walls are acted upon by organelles called lysosomes and entrapped drug is released. 1.4.1 Advantages of liposomes (6, 22, 24, 25): 1. They are biodegradable, biocompatible and