Insular cortex

most beautiful and mysterious surviving medieval manuscripts, and it is prominent for its extreme decoration. It comprises of four Gospels in Latin created on vellum in a bold, as well as, professional version of the writing re- ferred to as the Insular majuscule that St. Jerome completed in 348 AD. 1 The manu- script is intermixed with readings from the from the earlier Old Latin translation. The book contains 340 folios currently measuring approximately 330 x 255 mm that was trimmed and the edges

the most beautiful and mysterious surviving medieval manuscripts, and it is prominent for its extreme decoration. It comprises of four Gospels in Latin created on vellum in a bold, as well as, professional version of the writing referred to as the Insular majuscule that St. Jerome completed in 348 AD. 1 The manuscript is intermixed with readings from the from the earlier Old Latin translation. The book contains 340 folios currently measuring approximately 330 x 255 mm that was trimmed and the edges

The Books Of Kells is the most elaborately decorated manuscript in the Insular style to survive the ravages of time it is similar in style to the book of Durrow but was written and made 100 after it, but the four gospels and main text in it could have been copied from a common text both books were written in a Columban monasteries so it could explain the closeness of the texts its name derives from Kells in Co.Meath. ImageImage It is generally agreed that the Book of Kells was written at Iona

The exact pathophysiology of how CTE progresses is still unknown. Dr. Bennet Omalu was one of the first authors who published a report describing CTE when he performed an autopsy on retired football player Mike Webester. In his report, Dr. Omalu took tissue samples from each layer and each part of Webster’s brain. The samples were first stained using the traditional hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). The H&E is the most widely used stain in histology and is referred to as the gold standard for microbiology

fail to work thus makes it difficult for individuals to communicate.4 A researcher, Giacomo Rizzolatti at the University of Parma Italy, conducted a study in the 1990’s studying Macacas. His group studied the motor command neuron from the premotor cortex. The neuron is part of the frontal lobe that is responsible for voluntary movements. Electrodes were hooked up to the brain and the macacas had to perform goal oriented actions.1 When a macaca reached for a peanut, the same exact neuron from another

diverse and various methods from both humans and other animals(Kringebach & Rolls, 2004). According to Cavada & Schzult’s (2004) orbitofrontal cortex is one of the least explored and least understood regions of the primate cerebral cortex, a part of the frontal lobe that lies on the top of the orbit. Classic clinical evidence proposes that the orbitofrontal cortex is engaged in critical human operations, such as social integration and the regulation of emotional states, drive and responsibility, and generally

corticospinal tract controls distal parts of the arms, hands, and fingers that are a part of the lower legs, feet and toes. Signals move down these tracts through a chain of events leading to the final common pathway. The primary motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex send their axons through the corticospinal tract. The axons then make their way through subcortical white matter to the ventral midbrain and enter the cerebral peduncles (in the medulla). Once the axons leave the peduncles, they form

studies have persistently shown abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Using anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE), a meta-analyses of forty- two studies demonstrated extensive gray matter deficits in frontal, temporal, cingulate and insular cortex and thalamus in schizophrenia (SZ) when compared to healthy controls. Similarly the same meta-analyses of fourteen studies showed gray matter reductions in anterior cingulate and bilateral insula in bipolar disorder (BD) when compared to healthy

responded accurately to hazardous road conditions. Instead of becoming fearful and stepping on the breaks during icy roads, this individual lacked fear so the patient assessed the situation and responded properly. This patient with ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage handled the hazardous situation logically rather than emotionally, allowed him to react properly. Shiv et al (2004) are specifically looking at how dysfunctions in neural systems controlling emotions could affect gambling abilities. As normal

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors, as well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being, including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it