Major Motor Pathways Case Study

These two small branches run caudally and then change their direction immediately toward the olfactory sulcus (in a recurrent way) accompanying both the olfactory tract and the olfactory bulb, most likely corresponding to the persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA)(fig. ). On the right side this vessel is more prominent (fig 1, fig 2). At the confluence of the olfactory tract and olfactory bulb, resembles a hairpin and then gives two branches, the anterior branch runs in the olfactory sulcus distal to the olfactory bulb and distributes on the frontal pole on the area corresponding to the fronto-polar artery normaly a branch of the anterior cerebral artery. The posterior branch runs laterally and distributes on the orbital surface of frontal lobe. Before its division the right ppoa supplies the ipsilateral straight girus with multiples

The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.

Now, pick one of those muscles and trace their control from the appropriate brain structure all the way to the NMJ. Be sure to include all intermediate structures, synapses, plexuses and nerves.

send this information to the central nervous system. The motor neurons in turn carry processed

The corticospinal pathway is also called the pyramidal system and provides conscious motor control over skeletal muscles.

The epithelial cells of the nose are also lined with cilia. These hair like projections act as a filter, also trapping dirt particles and can waft them towards the exit of the nose where, trapped in mucus they can be sneezed or blown out of the nose. () In the upper portion of the nasal passages are chemoreceptors. Their dendrites end in tassels of cilia that project out of the mucosa and as chemicals move past them, messages are sent through the chemoreceptor and to the olfactory system of the brain, which identifies the

Motor Tracts- Lateral and Anterior corticospinal tracts all decussate (cross over) between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.

The nervous system is a chain of interconnected nerve fibers which is constructed by the central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. The job of the nervous system is to send messages from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body.

The midbrain is located above the pons. The midbrain has an area called the substantia nigra which holds different nuclei. The midbrain is responsible for the body 's movement that is not covered by the cerebellum. The neurotransmitter dopamine, that produced by

The two components of the central nervous system (CNS) are the brain and the spinal cord. Communication between the brain and the spinal cord happens through motor neurons, which are nerve cells that enable motor movement. Each motor neuron is made up of a cell body, which holds all the cell components, dendrites which send information it receives to the cell body, and an axon which sends nerve impulses to the muscle (Porth & Matfin, 2009). As electrical impulses are sent through the motor neuron, it stimulates the muscle fibers in the body to move. This is the process in which motor function happens. Therefore, the basic abilities to breathe, speak, swallow, walk and button a shirt are

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

The cause of the disorder is when the spinal cord with the rest of the body. There is a peripheral nerve fiber that extend from your nerve cells into your body's periphery back toward the spinal cord. The muscle-controlling nerve cells in the spinal cord out toward the muscles. Axons transmit electrical signals for sensation and movement to and from the spinal cord.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is connected directly to the central nervous system, and consists of neurons and nerves that send information back and forth the CNS. Furthermore, the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections, the sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system. The Sensory The sensory nervous system is in charge of transmitting data from a variety of internal organs or from external stimuli to the central nervous system using sensory nervous cells. On the other hand, the cells of the motor nervous system (motor neurons), take the impulse from the CNS to effectors, which include glands and muscles. In addition, the motor nervous system can be further divided into the somatic nervous system, controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs, whilst the autonomic nervous system operates

The parietal lobe is responsible for our motor co-ordination; motor impulses to the muscles are

23.The part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and PROCESSES some sensory information before sending it to its proper area and is called the thalamus.