Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - 8th Edition - by Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor - ISBN 9781259631757

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matt...
8th Edition
Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 9781259631757

Solutions for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

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Chapter 2.7 - Compounds: Introduction To BondingChapter 2.8 - Compounds: Formulas, Names, And MassesChapter 2.9 - Mixtures: Classification And SeparationChapter 3 - Stoichiometry Of Formulas And EquationsChapter 3.1 - The MoleChapter 3.2 - Determining The Formula Of An Unknown CompoundChapter 3.3 - Writing And Balancing Chemical EquationsChapter 3.4 - Calculating Quantities Of Reactant And ProductChapter 4 - Three Major Classes Of Chemical ReactionsChapter 4.1 - Solution Concentration And The Role Of Water As A SolventChapter 4.3 - Precipitation ReactionsChapter 4.4 - Acid-base ReactionsChapter 4.5 - Oxidation-reduction (redox) ReactionsChapter 4.6 - Elements In Redox ReactionsChapter 5 - Gases And The Kinetic-molecular TheoryChapter 5.2 - Gas Pressure And Its MeasurementChapter 5.3 - The Gas Laws And Their Experimental FoundationsChapter 5.4 - Rearrangements Of The Ideal Gas LawChapter 5.5 - The Kinetic-molecular Theory: A Model For Gas BehaviorChapter 6 - Thermochemistry: Energy Flow And Chemical ChangeChapter 6.1 - Forms Of Energy And Their InterconversionChapter 6.2 - Enthalpy: Changes At Constant PressureChapter 6.3 - Calorimetry: Measuring The Heat Of A Chemical Or Physical ChangeChapter 6.4 - Stoichiometry Of Thermochemical EquationsChapter 6.5 - Hess's Law: Finding Δh Of Any ReactionChapter 6.6 - Standard Enthalpies Of Reaction (δh°rxn )Chapter 7 - Quantum Theory And Atomic StructureChapter 7.1 - The Nature Of LightChapter 7.2 - Atomic SpectraChapter 7.3 - The Wave-particle Duality Of Matter And EnergyChapter 7.4 - The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The AtomChapter 8 - Electron Configuration And Chemical PeriodicityChapter 8.2 - The Quantum-mechanical Model And The Periodic TableChapter 8.3 - Trends In Three Atomic PropertiesChapter 8.4 - Atomic Properties And Chemical ReactivityChapter 9 - Models Of Chemical BondingChapter 9.2 - The Ionic Bonding ModelChapter 9.3 - The Covalent Bonding ModelChapter 9.4 - Bond Energy And Chemical ChangeChapter 9.5 - Between The Extremes: Electronegativity And Bond PolarityChapter 10 - The Shapes Of MoleculesChapter 10.1 - Depicting Molecules And Ions With Lewis StructuresChapter 10.2 - Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion (vsepr) TheoryChapter 10.3 - Molecular Shape And Molecular PolarityChapter 11 - Theories Of Covalent BondingChapter 11.1 - Valence Bond (vb) Theory And Orbital HybridizationChapter 11.2 - Modes Of Orbital Overlap And The Types Of Covalent BondsChapter 11.3 - Molecular Orbital (mo) Theory And Electron DelocalizationChapter 12 - Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, And Phase ChangesChapter 12.2 - Quantitative Aspects Of Phase ChangesChapter 12.3 - Types Of Intermolecular ForcesChapter 12.6 - The Solid State: Structure, Properties, And BondingChapter 13 - The Properties Of Mixtures: Solutions And ColloidsChapter 13.1 - Types Of Solutions: Intermolecular Forces And SolubilityChapter 13.3 - Why Substances Dissolve: Breaking Down The Solution ProcessChapter 13.4 - Solubility As An Equilibrium ProcessChapter 13.5 - Concentration TermsChapter 13.6 - Colligative Properties Of SolutionsChapter 13.7 - The Structure And Properties Of ColloidsChapter 14 - Periodic Patterns In The Main-group ElementsChapter 15 - Organic Compounds And The Atomic Properties Of CarbonChapter 15.2 - The Structures And Classes Of HydrocarbonsChapter 15.3 - Some Important Classes Of Organic ReactionsChapter 15.4 - Properties And Reactivities Of Common Functional GroupsChapter 15.6 - The Monomer-polymer Theme Ii: Biological MacromoleculesChapter 16 - Kinetics: Rates And Mechanisms Of Chemical ReactionsChapter 16.2 - Expressing The Reaction RateChapter 16.3 - The Rate Law And Its ComponentsChapter 16.4 - Integrated Rate Laws: Concentration Changes Over TimeChapter 16.5 - Theories Of Chemical KineticsChapter 16.6 - Reaction Mechanisms: The Steps From Reactant To ProductChapter 16.7 - Catalysis: Speeding Up A ReactionChapter 17 - Equilibrium: The Extent Of A Chemical ReactionsChapter 17.2 - The Reaction Quotient And The Equilibrium ConstantChapter 17.3 - Expressing Equilibria With Pressure Terms: Relation Between Kc And KpChapter 17.4 - Comparing Q And K To Determine Reaction DirectionChapter 17.5 - How To Solve Equilibrium ProblemsChapter 17.6 - Reaction Conditions And Equilibrium: Le Chatelier's PrincipleChapter 18 - Acid-base EquilibriaChapter 18.1 - Acids And Bases In WaterChapter 18.2 - Autoionization Of Water And The Ph ScaleChapter 18.3 - Proton Transfer And The Bronsted Lowry Acid-base DefinitionChapter 18.4 - Solving Problems Involving Weak-acid EquilibriaChapter 18.6 - Weak Bases And Their Relation To Weak AcidsChapter 18.7 - Acid-base Properties Of Salt SolutionsChapter 18.9 - Electron-pair Donation And The Lewis Acid-base DefinitionChapter 19 - Ionic Equilibria In Aqueous SystemsChapter 19.1 - Equilibria Of Acid-base BuffersChapter 19.2 - Acid-base Titration CurvesChapter 19.3 - Equilibria Of Slightly Soluble Ionic CompoundsChapter 19.4 - Equilibria Involving Complex IonsChapter 20 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, And Reaction DirectionChapter 20.1 - The Second Law Of Thermodynamics: Predicting Spontaneous ChangeChapter 20.2 - Calculating The Change In Entropy Of A ReactionChapter 20.3 - Entropy, Free Energy, And WorkChapter 20.4 - Free Energy, Equilibrium, And Reaction DirectionChapter 21 - Electrochemistry: Chemical Change And Electrical WorkChapter 21.1 - Redox Reactions And Electrochemical CellsChapter 21.2 - Voltaic Cells: Using Spontaneous Reactions To Generate Electrical EnergyChapter 21.3 - Cell Potential: Output Of A Voltaic CellChapter 21.4 - Free Energy And Electrical WorkChapter 21.7 - Electrolytic Cells: Using Electrical Energy To Drive Nonspontaneous ReactionsChapter 22 - The Elements In Nature And IndustryChapter 23 - Transition Elements And Their Coordination CompoundsChapter 23.1 - Properties Of The Transition ElementsChapter 23.2 - The Inner Transition ElementsChapter 23.3 - Coordination CompoundsChapter 23.4 - Theoretical Basis For The Bonding And Properties Of Complex IonsChapter 24 - Nuclear Reactions And Their ApplicationsChapter 24.1 - Radioactive Decay And Nuclear StabilityChapter 24.2 - The Kinetics Of Radioactive DecayChapter 24.6 - The Interconversion Of Mass And EnergyChapter 24.7 - Applications Of Fission And Fusion

Book Details

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change by Martin Silberberg and Patricia Amateis has been recognized in the general chemistry market as an unparalleled classic. The revision for the eighth edition focused on continued optimization of the text. To aid in this process, we were able to use data from literally thousands of student responses to questions in LearnSmart, the adaptive learning system that assesses student knowledge of course content. The data, such as average time spent answering each question and the percentage of students who correctly answered the question on the first attempt, revealed the learning objectives that students found particularly difficult, which we addressed by revising surrounding text or adding additional learning resources such as videos and slideshows. The text still contains unprecedented macroscopic-to-microscopic molecular illustrations, consistent step-by-step worked exercises in every chapter, and an extensive range of end-of-chapter problems, which provide engaging applications covering a wide variety of interests, including engineering, medicine, materials, and environmental studies. Changes have been made to the text and applications throughout to make them more succinct, to the artwork to make it more teachable and modern, and to the design to make it more simplistic and open.

Sample Solutions for this Textbook

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The density of air is 1.189 g/L. Substitute 560 cm3 for volume and 0.12 g for mass in the equation...The element potassium belongs to the 1A(1) group in the periodic table and therefore loses an...Copper is a transition element. Therefore, it forms more than one ion. The Roman numeral II within...Elements are the simplest form of matter composed of only one type of atom. Hence elements can be...The law of definite composition explains that a compound is formed upon the chemical bonding between...In atoms, the number of protons and electrons is the same since atom is a neutral species. Hence,...Ammonia is a covalent compound in which three hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to a nitrogen...Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions. The formula for the sulfate ion is SO42−. The sulfate ion...Dichromate is a polyatomic ion. The formula for the dichromate ion is Cr2O72−. The dichromate ion...The anion sulfate is a polyatomic anion and the charge on the sulfate ion is −2. Therefore, to...Sample I: The expression to calculate the percentage of % O is as follows: % O=(100 %)−(Percentage...In the image D, an element and a compound are present which are not chemically bonded to each other....Convert the mass of seawater from kg to mg as follows: Mass of water=(1 kg)(1000 g1 kg)(1000 mg1...The isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen are 14N, 15N and 16O, 18O. The different molecules for the...In the periodic table, the non-metal elements are placed at the small upper-right portion. The...The two naturally occuring isotopes of the element boron are 10B and 11B. The element fluorine has...The formula to calculate the molecular mass of NO is, Molecular mass=[(1)(atomic mass of...In S62144m atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral...The molecular formula of calcium phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2. The expression to calculate the molar mass...The balanced equation for the combustion of butane is as follows: 2C4H10(g)+13O2(s)→8CO2(s)+10H2O...The atomic mass of Al is 26.98 amu and the mass of 1 mol of Al is 26.98 g. The atomic mass of Al is...The expression to calculate the molar mass of KMnO4 is as follows: Molar mass of KMnO4=(1)(M of...The expression to calculate the molar mass of NO2 is as follows: Molar mass of NO2=(1)(M of N)+(2)(M...The expression to calculate the molar mass of MnSO4 is as follows: Molar mass of MnSO4=(1)(M of...The formula to calculate the molar mass of Sr​F2. is, Molar Mass of Sr​F2=[(number of Sr​ atoms...Copper(I)carbonate is an ionic compound with chemical formula Cu2CO3. The formula ot calculate the...Chromium(III)sulfate decahydrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Cr2(SO4)3⋅10H2O....The equation implies that 8 S atoms are present on the reactant side while only 1 S atom is present...Start with Cu(NO3)2. The equation implies that 2 N atoms are present on the reactant side while only...The equation implies that four oxygen (O) atoms are present on the reactant side while three O atoms...The chemical equation to be balanced is: _As4S6(s)+_O2(g)→_As4O6(s)+_SO2(g) (1) The 6 S atoms in...The chemical formulas for hydrogen sulphide and oxygen are H2S and O2 respectively and chemical...Since an equal number of moles of various substances contains an equal number of entities. Both O3...The chemical formula for ammonium bromide is NH4Br. The molar mass of ammonium bromide is 97.94...When the value of x is zero the formula of the semiconductor is La2Sr0CuO4. The formula to calculate...One mole of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) on dissociation produces two moles of Li+ ion and one mole of...The expression to calculate moles of NaOH is: moles of NaOH=[volume of NaOH(L)(molarity of...A water molecule has a bent structure with oxygen atom present as central atom and hydrogen atoms...Consider the particles present in the beaker as moles of solute. The formula to calculate the...One mole of Rb2SO4 on dissociation produces two moles of Rb+ ion and one mole of SO42− ion. Hence,...The relation between mL and L is as follows: 1 L=1000 mL The expression to calculate the moles of...The expression to calculate the moles of aluminium chloride is: Moles of aluminium...The expression to calculate the moles of magnesium chloride is: Moles of magnesium...Rearrange the equation (2) to calculate the volume. Volume=MassDensity (3) Substitute 1.025 g/cm3...Lithium combines with oxygen molecule to form lithium oxide (Li2O). The balanced chemical equation...Magnesium reacts with nitrogen molecule to form magnesium nitride (Mg3N2). The balanced chemical...The mass of N2 is 20 g. The mass of H2 is 10 g. The mass of NH3 at equilibrium is 15 g. Nitrogen...Sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) reacts with calcium chloride to form calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) and sodium...Consider the mass of Mg is x g and mass of Al is (0.263−x)g. The formula to calculate the volume of...Substitute 0.1880 g for the mass of CO2 and 44.01 g for the mass of 1 mol CO2 in the equation (1)....The first beaker consists of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and the second beaker consists of calcium...The given balanced chemical reaction is as follows:...Copper reacts with bromine molecule to form copper bromide (CuBr2). This reaction is an example of...The initial pressure (P1) is 0.980 atm. The final pressure (P2) is 1.40 atm. The initial volume (V1)...The value of the universal gas constant (R) is 0.0821 atm⋅litre/mol⋅K. The pressure of fluorine gas...The molecule of the gas moves more freely than the solid and liquids. The gas doesn’t have a...The formula to convert °C to Kelvin is as follows: TK=T°C+273.15 (1) Substitute 0 °C for T°C in...The formula to convert °C to Kelvin is: T(K)=T(°C)+273.15 (1) Substitute 70 °C for T °C in equation...The formula to convert °C to Kelvin is: TK=T°C+273.15 (1) Substitute 200 °C for T°C to calculate T1...The expression to calculatethe mole fraction of nitrogen is as follows: Pnitrogen=Xnitrogen⋅Ptotal...The equation for the reaction of I2(aq) with S2O32−(aq) is as follows: 2S2O32−(aq) +...The equation for the reaction of Ni(aq) with CO(g) is as follows: Ni(s) + 4CO(aq)→Ni(CO)4(g) (1) The...The expression to calculate the moles of gas/day is as follows, PV=nRT (1) Here, P is the pressure,...The equation for the reaction of H2 with O2 is as follows: 2H2(g)+ O2(g)→2H2O(g) (1) From the...The equation for the reaction of C6H12O6(s) with O2(g) is as follows:...The concentration of SO2 is 1000 times higher than its mole fraction in clear dry air that is...The temperature and number of moles of gas is fixed and the pressure is doubled. At constant...The expression to calculate the mole fraction of Br2 is as follows: XBr2=PBr2Ptotal (1) Here, XBr2...The equation for the reaction of NH3, NO with O2 is as follows: 4NH3(g) + 4NO(g)+O2(g)→N2(g)+6H2O(g)...The molecular mass of PCl3 vary due to various combinations of the two isotopes of Cl as 35Cl and...The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of I2 with F2 is as follows: 7F2(g) + I2(s)→2IF7(g)...The work done by the system and heat released by the system is negative because the final energy of...Freezing of water means the conversion of liquid form of water to solid form. The heat is released...Combustion reaction involves the reaction of stearic acid (C18H36O2) with an oxygen molecule to form...Substitute 15 °C for Tinitial(°C) in the equation (2). Tinitial(K)=15 °C+273=288 K Substitute 30 °C...The balanced chemical equation for the respiration of sugar (C6H12O6) is as follows:...The balanced chemical equations for the combustion of paraffin (C21H44) are as follows:...The equation of the chemical reaction between AgNO3 and NaI is, AgNO3(aq)+NaI(aq)→AgI(s)+NaNO3(aq)...1.00 Btu energy in joules is calculated as follows: Energy =(1.00 lb °F1.00 Btu)(1.0 °C1.8 °F)(453.6...Kerosene (C12H26) reacts with molecular oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water molecule. The...The balanced chemical equation for the reaction(3) is as follows: SiCl4(g)+2H2O(g)→SiO2(s)+4HCl(g)...The expression to calculate the moles of CH4 is: Moles of CH4=(mass of CH4Molar mass of CH4) (1)...Ultraviolet and microwave radiations are among the seven electromagnetic radiations. Hence they are...The absorption of radiation by an electron takes place when it jumps from a lower energy level to a...The radiation of wavelength 1212.7 Ao falls within the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic...The principal quantum number is denoted by n. The number 3 represents the principal quantum number....In the ground state of a hydrogen atom, n=1. The value of the Rydberg’s constant is 1.096776×107...The ionization energy of an atom is the minimum amount of energy required to completely remove the...Substitute 52.92 pm for ao, 0 for r in the equation (1). ψ=1π(152.92 pm)32e−052.92...The overlap between n1=1 and n1=2 series is checked by comparing the longest wavelength for n1=1 and...The energies of the energy levels 3 and 1 are −15×10−19 J and −20×10−19 J respectively. The formula...The energies of the electronic transitions E31 and E21 are 4.854×10−17 J and 4.098×10−17 J...The periodic table is based on the atomic numbers of the elements. The atomic number of tin is 50...The atomic number of rubidium is 37 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. Its outermost...The atomic number of lithium is 3 and its electronic configuration is 1s22s1 Its outermost electron...The excited state electronic configuration of the given element is 1s22s22p63s13p1. This indicates...The first ionization energy is determined by the removal of an electron from the neutral parent...The atomic number of sodium is 11 so its electronic configuration is 1s22s22p63s1. The value of its...The atomic number of rubidium is 37 so its ground state electronic configuration is...The atomic number of so its ground state electronic configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p1. Its...Group 6A(16) consists of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Oxygen is the first...The formula of hypochlorous acid is HClO. The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 and the oxidation...The paramagnetic nature of the ions of iron can be determined by the presence of unpaired electrons....On moving across the period in the periodic table, the size of the atoms decreases. Thus the...The condensed electronic configuration of a barium atom (Ba) is [Xe]6s2. The condensed electronic...The condensed electronic configuration of a cesium atom (Cs) is [Xe]6s1. The condensed electronic...The formula to calculate ΔEN in H−Br bond is as follows: (ΔEN)H−Br=(electronegativity of...The formula to calculate ΔEN in P−Cl bond of PCl3 is as follows: (ΔEN)P−Cl=(electronegativity of...The given chemical equation for the combustion of ethyne is as follows: The formula to the enthalpy...The enthalpy change of the following reaction is ΔH1°. Mg(s)→Mg(g) (1) The enthalpy change of the...The given chemical equation is as follows: H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g) The number of broken bonds is 1 H−H...The given chemical equation for the formation of dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) is as follows: The number...The given chemical equation for the gas-phase hydration of ethylene to ethanol is as follows: The...The total number of valence electrons of BeH2 is calculated as, Total valence electrons(TVE)=[(Total...Oxygen (1s22s22p4) belongs to the 16th group in the periodic table. It has six valence electrons and...Lewis structures for a resonance form of BrO3− is, For structure I: Substitute 7 for valence...The shape of SO3 is bent. In SO3, the oxygen atom is more electronegative than sulfur atom so the...Both molecules have bent shape thus greater dipole can be found on the bases of the...Both N atoms are central atoms and other atoms are evenly distributed. The total number of valence...The total number of valence electrons of PF5 is calculated as, Total valence electrons(TVE)=[[(Total...The total number of valence electrons of PF5 is calculated as, Total valence electrons(TVE)=[[(Total...The given chemical equation for the combustion of gaseous ethanol is as follows: The number of...The total number of valence electrons of C3H4 is calculated as, Total valence electrons=[[(Total...The total number of electrons in C2H2 can be calculated as follows: Total valence...The molecule that has trigonal planar geometry is BF3. The atomic number of boron is 5 so its...The molecular orbital diagram of B2− is as follows: The formula to calculate the bond order is as...The Lewis structure of BrO3− is as follows: Boron forms three single bonds with three oxygen atoms...The Lewis structure of IF2− is as follows: Iodine forms two single bonds with two fluorine atoms and...The Lewis structure of BF3 is as follows: Boron forms three single bonds with three fluorine atoms...The molecular orbital configuration of NO is (σ2s)2(σ2s*)2(π2p)2(π2p)2(σ2p)2(π2p*)1. Substitute 8...The energy of attraction between particles is the potential energy and energy of motion is kinetic...The formula to calculate the number of moles of SO2 is as follows: Number of moles=(given...The structure of zinc selenide (ZnSe) is similar to the zinc blende structure. Therefore selenide...Atom adopts face-centered cubic unit arrangement. Face-centered cubic unit cell, 8 atoms are present...Substitute 22 °C in equation (2) to calculate the temperature Tinitial in Kelvin as follows:...Substitute 20.0 °C in equation (2) to calculate the temperature T1 in Kelvin as follows: T1(K)=20.0...Rearrange the equation (1) to calculate the volume of Si ingot. Volume of Si ingot=(MassDensity) (3)...Substitute 95.3 °C in equation (2) to calculate the temperature T1 in Kelvin as follows: T1(K)=95.3...Substitute 273 for n and 100.02 g/mol for Mmonomer in equation (1) to calculate the molar mass of...Substitute 22 °C in equation (2) to calculate the temperature T in Kelvin as follows: T(K)=22...Substitute 201 °C in equation (2) to calculate the temperature T1 in Kelvin as follows: T1(K)=201...The formula to calculate the volume of one mole of carbon atom with a higher density is as follows:...The boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 °C and pressure is 760 torr. Substitute −11 °C in equation (2)...Substitute 25 g for mass, 1.0 J/g⋅°C for c, −20.0 °C for T2 and −40.0 °C for T1 in the equation (1)...The reation of step 1 is as follows: B(OH)3(s)+3NH3(g)→B(NH2)3(s)+3H2O(g) (2) The reaction of step 2...Seawater or salt water contains water, some amino acids, sodium chloride, and some other dissolved...Both sodium and cesium are present in the same period of the periodic table. But sodium lies above...Both bromine and iodine are present in the same group of the periodic table. But iodine lies below...The formula to calculate the molality of the aqueous solution of NH3 is as follows: Molality=amount...Rearrange equation (2) to calculate the mass as follows: Mass=(Density)(Volume) (3) Consider the...Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the amount of solute as follows: Amount of...Consider the mass of the solution to be. 100​ g. The formula to calculate the mass of the compound...Consider the mass of the solution to be. 100​ g. The formula to calculate the mass of the compound...The formula to calculate the total molarity of ions of the solution is as follows: Molarity of...Consider the mass of the solution to be 100 g. The formula to calculate the mass of glucose is as...The formula to calculate the change in freezing point is as follows: ΔTf=Tf(solvent)−Tf(solution)...The formula to calculate the change in boiling point is as follows: ΔTb=Tb(solution)−Tb(solvent) (2)...Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the molarity of the solution as follows: M=∏RT (3) Substitute...The dissociation of NH4NO3 occurs as follows: NH4NO3⇌NH4++NO3− One mole of NH4NO3 dissociates to...Rearrange equation (1) to calculate kH as follows: kH=SgasPgas (2) Substitute 1.64×10−3 mol/L for...Rearrange equation (2) to calculate the mass of the substance as follows: Mass of substance=(Density...The pressure of the nitrogen gas is calculated as follows: PN2=(78%100%)(1 atm)=0.78 atm Substitute...The electronic configuration of hydrogen and lithium are, H = 1S1Li = 1S2,2S1 In generally the full...According to octet rule, the outer most shell of central metal contains 8 electrons is the most...Atomic number of indium is 49, and nearest noble gas is krypton therefore, The condensed electron...Boron nitride is formed with water when, Boron oxide is treated with ammonia. The balanced equation...The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecules are determined by first drawing the skeletal...Reaction of Rb(s) with Br2(l) gives RbBr(s), equation for this reaction is, Rb(s) + Br2(l)→RbBr(s)...Given depiction is, Figure 1 From the given depiction, brown colour = iodine and green coloured are...The outer electronic configuration of Alkali metals is ns1. If an electron is removed from the...Given data is shown below: Empirical formula ⇒ HNOMolar mass of hyponitrous acid = 62.04g/molMolar...The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecules are determined by first drawing the skeletal...Oxidation takes place in the first two step of Ostwald process. Ammonium oxidizes to NO which...Gaseous F2 and water reacts to give HF and O2. The equation is F2(g) + H2O(l) → HF(g) + O2(g) The...Disproportionation reaction is a type of reaction where a substance can act as a reducing agent as...The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecules are determined by first drawing the skeletal...The compounds that are organic are The compounds that are inorganic areThe compound given is 2,3-dimethyloctane. To give the structure of 2,3-dimethyloctane, first the...The given compound is To give the compound a systematic name, first the root has to be identified....The given name of the compound is 4-methylhexane. The structure of 4-methylhexane is given as the...The given name of the compound is 3,3-dimethylbutane. The structure of 3,3-dimethylbutane is given...The given compound is Propene. The propene contains three carbon atoms in chain. As the suffix is...The given compound is 1-pentene. The pentene contains five carbon atoms in chain. As the suffix is...The given R groups are -CH2-SH with SH-CH2- The R groups belongs to the amino acid Cysteine. The...MTBE is synthesized from 2-methylpropene and methanol. The reaction can be given as follows, The...The structures of compounds A, B and C can be determined by calculating the moles of the compounds...Given, 1.25 g of CO2 0.613 g of H2O Total sample = 0.500 g. From the given mass, moles can be...The peptides are formed by the amino acid units. Amino acids combines together to form the amide...The reaction rate of the chemical reaction: Reaction rate = -Δ[R]Δt. During the chemical reaction,...The reaction given is: Given reaction: NOBr (g) → NO(g) + 12Br2(g) The average rate of the chemical...The reaction rate of the chemical reaction: Given reaction: A (g) + B(g) + C(g)→ D(g)Reaction Rate =...The given reaction involves multiple mechanism steps, by adding the entire individual steps gives...The given reaction involves multiple mechanism steps, by adding the entire individual steps gives...Experiment (1): The given reaction is one-step collision, hence the reaction equation becomes,...The overall rate law of reaction (1) is, Rate = k [A]m[B]n= k [NO2]m[CO]n When [NO2] increases by a...The given reaction involves multiple mechanism steps, by adding the entire individual steps gives...The reaction rate of the chemical reaction: Given reaction: 2A + 2B + C→ D + 3EReaction Rate = k...Reason for the correct option: Experiment (2): The given reaction involves multiple mechanism steps,...The reaction given is: Given reaction: I2(aq) + 2S2O32- (aq) → 2I-(aq) + S4O62-(aq) The average rate...Given data: μmax= 1.5×10−4s−1S = 0.00 to 1.0 kg/m3Ks= 0.03 kg/m3 Calculation of first-order growth...Reaction Rate = k [A]m[B]n,where 'm and n' are orders of the reactants. The term ‘m’ represents the...Given data: The decomposition reaction of halogen is, I2(g)​ ⇌ 2I(g) The equilibrium constant for...According to Le-Chatelier principle, whenever a system is disturbed the system will try to nullify...The given reaction is X2(g)+ Y2(g)⇌2XY(g) The reaction quotient for the reaction can be represented...The given reactions can be balanced as Ni3S2(s)+ O2(g)⇌NiO(s)+ SO2(g) Balancing the Nickel in the...Given reaction is 2NH3(g)⇌N2(g)+ 3H2(g) Initial: Concentration of NH3 is zero. Concentration of N2...From the given Kc value, Kp is calculated. Kp = Kc(RT)ΔnΔn = moles of gaseous products - moles of...Given, Kc = 1.7×188 at 600.K. Kp= Kc(RT)Δnwhere, Δn = moles of gaseous products - moles of gaseous...Given, PCH4(init) = PCO2(init) = 10.0atm Pressure(atm) CH4(g) + CO2(g) ⇌ 2CO(g) + 2H2(g)Initial 10.0...Given reaction is shown below: 2CH4(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2CO(g) + 4H2(g) (1)CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)...Given data is shown below: N2(g) ⇌ 2N(g) logKP =−43.10Initial partial pressure of N2= 200...Given data is shown below: N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO(g)Atmospheric partial pressure of N2= 0.780...Given data is shown below: 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)Kp = 1.3×104T = 457 K Determine Δngas: The total...The reaction for the given system will be: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) Initial [CO] and initial...According to Arrhenius definition, water plays the vital role in the classification acid and bases....3.0% acid dissociated in a 0.2 M solution. The given compound is acid therefore it can donate the...12.5 % acid dissociated in a 0.735 M solution. The given compound is acid therefore it can donate...Given, Solution has 0.075 M HZ (Ka = 2.55×10−4). HZ is weak acid therefore it can donate the proton...Given, Solution has 3.5×10−2 M HQ (pKa= 4.89). The given compound is acid therefore it can donate...Given, Solution has 0.175 M HY (Ka = 1.50×10−4). HY is weak acid therefore it can donate the proton...Given, Solution has 0.55 M HCN (Ka = 6.2×10−10). HCN is weak acid therefore it can donate the proton...Given, Solution of 0.1 M hydrosulfuric acid (H2S). Hydro sulfuric acid is diprotic acid therefore it...Given, Solution of 0.2 M malonic acid (H2C3H2O4). Malonic acid is diprotic acid therefore it can...The pH of the 0.1 M NaCl is seven because it is formed from strong hydrochloric acid and strong...Given, Cyanide ion is a base therefor it can accept the proton from the water. Potassium cyanide...Given, Sodium phenolate ion is a base therefore it can accept the proton from the water. Sodium...Given, Potassium formate ion is a base therefore it can accept the proton from the water. Potassium...Given, Sodium fluoride ion is a base therefore it can accept the proton from the water. NaF is water...The given reactions are CO2(g) + H2O(l)⇌H2CO3(aq)H2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)⇌HCO3-(aq) + H3O+(aq) Lewis...As HCl is a strong acid, it dissociates completely in water. The concentration of H3O+ is same as...Given, Acetic acid is an acid therefore it can donate the proton to the water. The balance equation...The given compound is shown below, Calcium propionate Ca(CH3CH2COO)2; calcium propanoate. The...Given, pKb=5.1 for more basic nitrogen. So corresponding Kb value is Kb=10−5.1=7.94328x10-6. The...Given information, The KSP value of CaF2 is 3.2 × 10-11. Write the solubility equilibrium for CaF2,...Buffer solution: An aqueous solution consisting mixture of weak base and its conjugate acid or weak...Given Data: Volume of HCl = 40.00 ml = 40.00×10−3LConcentration of HCl = 0.1000MConcentration of...Given Data: Volume of KOH = 30.00 ml = 30.00×10−3LConcentration of KOH = 0.1000MConcentration of HBr...Given, At 0 mL of base added, the concentration of [H3O]+ is dependent on the dissociation of...0 mL HClis added: Trimethylamine is a weak base, when HCl is added the H+ concentration is...Given, The balance chemical equation is given below, NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + CH3COO−(aq)...Given, The balance equation is given below, K+(aq) + OH−(aq) + HNO2(aq) ⇌ K+(aq) + NO2(aq) + H2O(l)...Given, The balance equation is given below, HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) → NH4+(aq) + Cl−(aq) The chlorine ions...Given, The balance equation is given below, HNO3(aq) + C5H5N(aq) → C5H5NH+(aq) + NO3+(aq) The...Consider the following chemical reaction, C6H5COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) ⇄ Na2+ (aq) + C6H5COO−(aq) +...Given data: Volume of solution = 500 mL = 500×10−3L=0.500LMol of solid NaOH = 0.050Mol of HClO =...HF being a weak acid dissociates slowly in the solution producing less number of H+. HF⇄ H+ + F- Let...The equation considered as, H2CO3⇄H+ + HCO3- ...(Ka1) HCO3-⇄ H+ + CO32- ...(Ka2) pKa = −logKa Now,...Given that the equations are, [Ag+]​ (aq) + [Cl-] (aq) ⇄ [AgCl] (s) (Ksp= 1.8×10-10) ...(1) [Ag+]​...EDTA binds with metal ions to form complex ions and therefore it is used to determine the...Given, Standared free energy equation is, 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 2NO(g) + 6H2O(g) The balanced equation...Spontaneous process proceeds without outside intervention, whether a chemical or physical change is...Reaction-A Given, Chemical reaction is, BaO(s)+ CO2(g) → BaCO3(s) The number of particle also...Reaction-A Given chemical reaction is, H2 (g)+ I2(g) → 2HI(g) The number of particle also decreases,...Balance chemical eqaution is, MgCO3(s) ⇌ MgO(s) + CO2(g) The MgCO3 decomposed at 1200oC to forms...The reaction for formation of methanol is, CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH(l) Standard enthalpy change is,...The given equilibrium reaction is, 2NOBr(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Br2(g) K=0.42 at 373 K Entropy change...Given, The dehydrogenation of ethylbenzen is, C6H5−CH2−CH3(g) →dehydrogantion C6H5−CH=CH2(g) + H2(g)...The formation reaction for propylene is, 3C(s) + 3H2(g) → CH3CH=CH2(g) Equal molar of carbon C and...The chemical equation for hydrolysis of ATP is, (1). ATP4−(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ ADP3−(aq) + HPO42−(aq) +...The given statement of equation can be completed by writing as follows, C6H12O6(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)...Given C2H2 formation reaction is, 2CH4(g) + 12O2(g) → C2H4(g) + 2H2(g) + H2O(g) In this reaction two...Given, The steam reformaing reaction is, CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3H2(g) steam re-formaing The...The term oxidation is defined as loss of electrons from a compound and it is said to be oxidized....From given redox reaction the species that is being oxidized is identified by using the oxidation...The reaction between ClO3−(aq) and I−(aq) contains two half reactions. They are divided and grouped...The reaction between O2(g) and NO(g) contains two half reactions. They are divided and grouped into...The given reaction contains two half reactions. They are divided and grouped into reactants and...The given reaction is BH4-(aq)+ ClO3-(aq)→H2BO3-(aq)+ Cl-(aq) [basic] The balancing of the reaction...The given cell reaction is balanced as follows, The atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen are...The given reaction is NO2(g)→NO3−(aq)+ NO2−(aq) [basic] The balancing of the reaction is as follows:...The given cell reaction is balanced as follows, The atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen are...The given cell reaction is balanced as follows, The atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen are...The voltaic cell has 2 half cells namely Mn/Mn2+ and Cd/Cd2+. The initial cell potential is...In order to know the number of electrons involved the reaction for silver button battery is...Using the Nernst equation the relationship is depicted as follows, Ag+(aq)→Ag(s)+1e−Ecell = E∘cell -...Chapter 21, Problem 21.151PThe half reactions for given cell with their Eo values are noted by using Appendix D as follows,...The given chemical equation: 2C8H8(l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16CO2 (g) +18 H2O (g) As known, heat of reaction...The abundance of hydrogen in universe is far more than earth’s atmosphere. Hydrogen exists as H2 in...The number of moles of fluorine and SiF4 is calculated as, Moles of F = (100. kg Ca5 (PO4)3F)(103...The balanced reaction of formation of SO3 from SO2 is given as 2SO2(g)+ O2(g)→2SO3(g) The ΔG° can be...Water is incorporated in P4O10 (drying agent) to form phosphoric acid. The balanced chemical...For the first reaction (1): 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) →pt/Rh catalyst 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)ΔG25o = -906.196 kJ...In the stratosphere, nitric oxide destroys ozone by forming nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. The...The solubility of Ca3(PO4)2 can be calculated from its Ksp. It is 1.2×10-29. The phosphate ion is...The overall balanced equation is the sum of each step in the formation of sodium carbonate. 2NaCl(s)...The change in enthalpy and entropy of decomposition of calcium carbonate are calculated as, CaCO3(s)...It is always one less than the period number. The periodic table consists of sublevel blocks...The two 4s electrons and one 3d electron are removed to form Sc3+ ions: The electronic configuration...The two 4s electrons and one 3d electron are removed to form Cr3+ ions: The electronic configuration...The oxidation state of Ni metal is found from the total charge on the ion (+2 because two Cl–...Potassium tris (oxalato) chromate (III). The compound potassium tris (oxalato) chromate (III) has...Given, K3[Cr(C2O4)3] The counter ion is K+ so the complex ion is [Cr(C2O4)3]3− Each aqua ligand is...Charge on palladium = – [(+1 on K+) + (0 on NH3) + 3(–1 on Cl–)] = +2 Palladium (II) forms...Electron configuration of Cr: [Ar]4s13d5 Charge on Cr: The aqua ligands are neutral, so the charge...Given, [Cr(CN)6]3− Electron configuration of Cr: [Ar]4s13d5 Charge on Cr: The aqua ligands are...Electron configuration of Mo: [Kr]5s14d5 Charge on Mo: Each chloride ligand has a –1 charge for a...Electron configuration of Fe: [Kr]3d64s2 Charge on Fe: Each Oxalate ligand has a –2 charge for a...Given, Iron (III) ion reacts with hypochlorite ion in basic solution to form ferrate ion (2FeO42−),...[Cr(H2O)6]3+ 562 nmE=hcλ = (6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)562 nm(1 nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1 ​kJ103J)...Change in energy during a chemical reaction is relatively small. In the case of nuclear reaction...For the given reaction, short hand notation is 10B(α , n)X. From the notation it is clear that,...The given unbalanced nuclear equation is, X + γ → 1429Si + 01n + 11H According to the law of...Given information is shown below, No. of β− particle = 6.0×105Mass of person = 70 kgEnergy of each...Given information is shown below, Mass of Oxygen-16 is 15.994915 amu In 16O, there are 8 protons and...Given information is shown below, Mass of Lead-206 is 205.974440 amu. In 206Pb, there are 82 protons...Given information is shown below, Mass of Cobalt-59 is 58.933198 amu. In 59Co, there are 27 protons...Given information is shown below, Mass of Iodine-131 is 130.906114 amu. In 131I, there are 53...Given information is shown below, Given reaction: 96243Cm→ 94239Pu+ 24HeMass of 96243Cm= 243.0614...Given information is shown below, Mass of worker = 85 kgEnergy released in each disintegration =...According to the law of conservation of atomic mass and number, the unknown element can be...Fusion of two 6Li nuclei takes place. Atomic number of the product is 6 (Carbon) and mass number is...In the decay series of 92239U , it first undergo β− emission, then again emission of β− and again...Given data is shown below: Temperature, T = 1.00×106 K Kinetic Energy of an H atom is calculated as...In the decay series of 232Th , the sequence of particles emitted in each step follows as, α, β−, β−,...

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