Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781559539418
Author: Angelica Stacy
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
Question
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Chapter U6.7, Problem 3E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three chloride salts needs to be arranged from the least soluble to the most soluble based on their solubility product, Ksp values.

Concept Introduction:The solubility product constant, Ksp of a monovalent metal chloride, MCl is given by the expression

  MCl (s)  M+(aq) + Cl(aq)

Here,

  Ksp= [M+][Cl]

The solubilities of a number of monovalent metal chlorides may be qualitatively deduced based on their Ksp values. The lower is the Ksp of the metal chloride, the lower is the solubility of the salt in water. Similarly, a chloride salt with a higher Kspvalue will have a higher solubility.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3E

The increasing order of solubility of the given chloride salts is as follows:

  AgCl (s) <CuCl (s) <TiCl (s)

Explanation of Solution

It has already been mentioned above that for salts having the same charges on the cations and the anions, the solubilities may be compared based on the Ksp values. A salt with a lower Ksp value will be less soluble than a salt with a higher Ksp value.

The Ksp values of the three chloride salts are in the order AgCl sp values. Since AgCl has the lowest Ksp value, hence, AgCl will be the least soluble in water. TiCl, having the highest Kspvalue will be the most soluble in water. CuCl has intermediate Kspvalue and thus, the solubility of CuCl is intermediate to these two. Therefore, the increasing order of solubilities of the three salts are

  AgCl (s) <CuCl (s) <TiCl (s)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The effect of addition of NaCl on the solubility of CuCl as per the Le Chatilier principle needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: The Le Chatilier principle states that when a stress is added to a chemical system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in such a way that the effect of the added stress is nullified. The solubility of a sparingly soluble salt may be altered by the addition of a common ion as per the Le Chatilier principle.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3E

The solubility of CuCl in water decreases upon the addition of NaCl due to the common ion effect.

Explanation of Solution

The ionization of CuCl in water is given by the reaction

  CuCl (s) Cu2+(aq) + Cl(aq)

The solubility product constant for the above ionization is given by the expression

  Ksp= [Cu2+][Cl]

Where the square braces, [..] denote molar concentrations at equilibrium.

NaCl ionizes completely in an aqueous solution as below.

  NaCl (s)  NaCl (aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)

The addition of NaCl introduces the common ion, Cl- which tends to increase [Cl-]. Thus, Ksp tends to increase. However, Ksp, being a thermodynamic equilibrium constant, must stay constant at a particular temperature. To keep Ksp constant, [Cu+] must decrease. This is possible only when the solubility of CuCl in water decreases, i.e., the addition of NaCl suppresses the solubility of CuCl in water and throws off solid CuCl from the saturated solution.

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