(a)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean..
(b)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(c)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(d)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(e)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(f)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
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Chapter A1 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- A titrimetric method for the determination of calcium in limestone was tested with the analysis of a NIST limestone containing 30.15% CaO. The mean of the four analyzes is 30.26% CaO with a standard deviation of 0.085%. From the data accumulated from many analyzes, s→ϭ=0.094% CaO was found.a) Do the data indicate the presence of systematic error at the 95% confidence level?b) When a value for ϭ is unknown, do the data show a systematic error at the 95% confidence level?arrow_forward2. Estimate the absolute deviation and the coefficient of variation for the results of the following calculations. Round each result so that it contains only significant digits. The numbers in parentheses are absolute standard deviations. 2 (1.203 (+0.004) x 103 + 18.25 (10.005) x 102 – 34.012(±0.001)) 3.9201 (+0.0006) x 10-3 y =arrow_forwardFind the result (c) and the absolute standard deviation (sc) as propagated in the following calculation. Express final result and its propagated standard deviation with an appropriate number of significant figures. a = 5.75 (+0.05)+0.833 (±0.001); b = 3.75 (±0.02);c = albarrow_forward
- A method for the detection of morphine is used to generate a calibration curve in which the assay response (y) is plotted versus morphine concentration (x, in mg/L). This gives a straight line with a slope (m) of 0.241 and a y-intercept (b) of 0.011, where y = mx + b. The slope of this line has a standard deviation of ±0.007, and the standard deviation of the intercept is ±0.006. If the sample from an athlete gives a response of 0.506 ± 0.013 in this method, what is the concentration of morphine in the sample and estimated precision of this concentration?arrow_forward[References) A method for the determination of the corticosteroid methylprednisolone acetate in solutions obtained from pharmaceutical preparations yielded a mean value of 3.7 mg mL with a standard deviation of 0.3 mg mL. For quality control purposes, the relative uncertainty in the concentration should be no more than 3%. How many samples of each batch should be analyzed to ensure that the relative standard deviation does not exceed 9% at the 95% confidence level? samplesarrow_forwardA method for the determination of the corticosteroid methylprednisolone acetate in solutions obtained from pharmaceutical preparations yielded a mean value of 3.7 mg mL with a standard deviation of 0.3 mg mL. For quality control purposes, the relative uncertainty in the concentration should be no more than 3%. How many samples of each batch should be analyzed to ensure that the relative standard deviation does not exceed 9% at the 95% confidence level? samplesarrow_forward
- A solution is prepared by weighing 5.0000 g of cesium iodide into a 100-mL volumetric flask. The balance used has a precision of 0.2 mg reported as a standard deviation, and the volumetric flask could be filled with a precision of 0.15mL also reported as a standard deviation. What is the estimated standard deviation of concentration (g/mL)?arrow_forwardThe pharmacist attempts to weigh 120 mg of codeine sulfate on a balance with a sensitivity requirement of 6 mg. Calculate the maximum potential error in terms of percentage.arrow_forwardA volumetric calcium analysis on triplicate samples of the blood serum of a patient believed to be suffering from a hyperparathyroid condition produced the following data: mmol Ca/L = 3.55, 3.65, 3.14. What is the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the data, assuming(a) No prior information about the precision of the analysis?(b) s → σ = 0.056 mmol Ca/L?arrow_forward
- 8) Two different analytical methods are compared for determining Ca. The following are two sets of data. Set 1 Set 2 155.779 155.784 155.787 155.787 155.813 155.765 155.781 155.793 i. i. Determine the mean and the standard deviation in Set 1. Calculate the 95% confidence limit for data in Set 1. Identify a possible outlier in Set 2. Use the Q-test to determine whether it can be retained or rejected at 95% confidence level. ii.arrow_forward(a) For use in an iodine titration, you prepare a solution from 0.222 2 (+0.000 2) g of KIO3 [FM 214.001 0 (+0.000 9)] in 50.00 (+0.05) mL. Find the molarity and its uncertainty with an appropriate number of significant figures. (b) Would your answer be affected significantly if the reagent were only 99.9% pure?arrow_forward3-3 Types of Error; 3-4 Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error (30 min) If A = 3.475 (+0.002), B = 87.336 (±0.001), C = 10.004 5 (±0.000 5), D = 11.8 (+0.2), and E = 5.10 (±0.03), report the answers of the following calculations with both the absolute uncertainty and the percent relative uncertainty. a) (A - B) XE c) b) (C+D)/(AXE) d) [(A+B+C) x (B-C-E)] / [DXE] (10-D)/(E/1000) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: -428 (13) or -427.7 (±2.5) Answer w/% relative uncertainty: -428 (±0.6%) or -427.7 (±0.5⁹%) b) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 1.23 (±0.01) or 1.230 (+0.013) Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 1.23 (±1%) or 1.230 (+1.1%) Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 3 (±1) x 10-10 or 3.1 (±1.4) × 10-10 Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 3 (±50%) x 10-10 or 3.1 (±46%) × 10-10 Answer w/ absolute uncertainty: 121 (±2) or 121.0 (+1.4) Answer w/ % relative uncertainty: 121 (±2%) or 121.0 (±1.8%)arrow_forward
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning