SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 9.5, Problem 37AYP
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The meaning of the statement “a whole muscle responds to a stimuli in graded fashion” and the two ways to increase the force of contraction.
Introduction:
The muscular system is the set of muscles that are present in the body adhered to the skeletal system. The muscles are divided into several types, namely cardiac muscles which are involuntary, smooth muscles and skeletal muscles which are voluntary. The muscles of the body help in the body's movement, circulate blood through the body and helps in maintaining the posture of the body. The skeletal muscle fibers and the motor neuron collectively form the motor unit. A single muscle contraction can be due to the result of the working of several motor units together.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect?
1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors
2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules
3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging
5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten
(contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above.
Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle
contracts vs. relaxes.
What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation?
Region / Structure
A-Band
H-Band
I-Band
M-Line
Z-Line
Zone of Overlap
Sarcomere
No change
Shortens
Lengthens
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Relaxation
What are the mechanisms for muscle contraction vs. relaxation in regards to myosin/thick filaments/thin filament movement? Is it true that if tropomysin blocks myosin sites, contraction ends and muscle relaxes?
Chapter 9 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - List and describe the functions performed by...Ch. 9.1 - State the functions of smooth and cardiac muscle...Ch. 9.1 - Using table 9.1, distinguish among skeletal,...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the four specialized functional...Ch. 9.2 - Outline the differences in control and function...Ch. 9.3 - Name the connective tissue layers that surround...Ch. 9.3 - What are motor neurons? How do the axons of motor...Ch. 9.3 - What is the origin of muscle fibers? How do you...Ch. 9.3 - What are T tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 9.4 - What type of ion channel contributes to the...Ch. 9.4 - What are the two types of gated ion channels in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 9.4 - List the two types of voltage-gated channels the...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 9.4 - Describe the structure of a neuromuscular...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 9.4 - What ion is necessary for movement of the...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 9.5 - List the phases of a muscle twitch, and describe...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 9.5 - How does the lack of on unresponsive period in...Ch. 9.5 - Distinguish between active tension and passive...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 9.5 - What is muscle tone, and how is it maintained?Ch. 9.6 - Contrast the structural and physiological...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 9.6 - What factors contribute to increases in muscle...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 9.7 - What is fatigue? List the three locations where...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 9.7 - List the energy sources used to synthesize ATP for...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 9.8 - Describe a typical smooth muscle cell. How do its...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 9.8 - Compare visceral smooth muscle and multiunit...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 9.8 - How are spontoneous contractions produced in...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 67AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 9.10 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 9 - Which of these is true of skeletal muscle? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACCh. 9 - Prob. 3RACCh. 9 - Each myofibril Is made up of many muscle fibers....Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements about the molecular...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RACCh. 9 - Prob. 8RACCh. 9 - Prob. 9RACCh. 9 - Prob. 10RACCh. 9 - Prob. 11RACCh. 9 - Prob. 12RACCh. 9 - Prob. 13RACCh. 9 - With stimuli of increasing strength, which of...Ch. 9 - Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal...Ch. 9 - Which of these events occurs during the lag...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RACCh. 9 - Prob. 18RACCh. 9 - Given the conditions: (1) low ATP levels (2)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RACCh. 9 - Prob. 21RACCh. 9 - Prob. 22RACCh. 9 - Prob. 23RACCh. 9 - Prob. 24RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements concerning aging and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9 - A patient is thought to be suffering from either...Ch. 9 - Design an experiment to test the following...Ch. 9 - Explain what is happening at the level of...Ch. 9 - Predict the shape of an active tension curve for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CTCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTCh. 9 - Prob. 10CTCh. 9 - Prob. 11CTCh. 9 - Prob. 12CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to bring about muscle contraction? What roles do ATP and calcium play?arrow_forwarda) What happened to the number of fibers contracting as you increased the voltage? b) In light of the "all or none" law of muscle contraction, how can you explain the graded response?arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say that a whole muscle respondsto stimuli in a graded fashion? What are the two ways toincrease the force of contraction?arrow_forward
- a) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as it was stretched progressively. b) What effect does stretching the muscle have on contraction strength? Is this effect linear? c) What stretch resulted in the highest contraction force? What happens to the muscle at the highest stretch levels?arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve usearrow_forwardIn an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forward
- Which is the correct answer?arrow_forwardWhat trend do you notice between force generation capability of a muscle and its cross-sectional area? If a muscle has a large cross-sectional area, then its force-producing potential is?arrow_forwardDistinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forward
- What is the steps in the Sliding Filament theory of muscle cell contraction in correct order? Including steps in depolarization and repolarization.arrow_forwardHow is muscle contraction stopped? Which of the following is/are correct? A) The brain stops sending the nerve impulse that commands the muscle to contract, interrupting communication at the neuromuscular junction B) Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) is released into the synaptic cleft to destroy any remaining Acetylcholine C) No mechanism is necessary. When the antagonist begins to contract, it forces relaxation and stretch of the agonist muscle. D) Relaxation occurs as the myosin heads are "snapped" off of the thick filaments. This interrupts the crossbridge and allows for muscles to stretch E) Relaxation only occurs if the brain sends a "stop" signal to the musclearrow_forwardPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forward
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