SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 25RAC
Which of these statements concerning aging and skeletal muscle is correct?
a. A loss of muscle fibers occurs with aging.
b. Slow-twitch muscle fibers decrease in number faster than fast-twitch muscle fibers.
c. The loss of strength and speed is due mainly to loss of neuromuscular junctions.
d. The density of capillaries in skeletal muscle increases.
e. The number of motor neurons remains constant.
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The action potential of skeletal muscle
A. is not essential for contraction.
B. is longer than the action potential of cardiac muscle.
C. has a prolonged plateau phase.
D. causes the immediate uptake of calcium ions into the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E. spreads inward to all parts of the muscle via the T tubules.
Which of the following effects result(s) from aging on the muscular system?a. Muscle mass declines.b. Slow-twitch fibers are affected most by aging.c. Fatigue occurs more quickly.d. Increased muscle tone limits stability.e. The gait lengthens and is slower.
Which of the following is true?
A. Muscle fibers either will contract with all the force possible under existing conditions or will not contract at all.
B. Skeletal muscles can contract with varying degrees of strength given different circumstances.
C. Muscle length does not have an effect on contractile strength.
D. Metabolic condition of the myocyte does not have an effect on contractile strength.
Chapter 9 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - List and describe the functions performed by...Ch. 9.1 - State the functions of smooth and cardiac muscle...Ch. 9.1 - Using table 9.1, distinguish among skeletal,...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the four specialized functional...Ch. 9.2 - Outline the differences in control and function...Ch. 9.3 - Name the connective tissue layers that surround...Ch. 9.3 - What are motor neurons? How do the axons of motor...Ch. 9.3 - What is the origin of muscle fibers? How do you...Ch. 9.3 - What are T tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 9.4 - What type of ion channel contributes to the...Ch. 9.4 - What are the two types of gated ion channels in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 9.4 - List the two types of voltage-gated channels the...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 9.4 - Describe the structure of a neuromuscular...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 9.4 - What ion is necessary for movement of the...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 9.5 - List the phases of a muscle twitch, and describe...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 9.5 - How does the lack of on unresponsive period in...Ch. 9.5 - Distinguish between active tension and passive...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 9.5 - What is muscle tone, and how is it maintained?Ch. 9.6 - Contrast the structural and physiological...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 9.6 - What factors contribute to increases in muscle...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 9.7 - What is fatigue? List the three locations where...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 9.7 - List the energy sources used to synthesize ATP for...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 9.8 - Describe a typical smooth muscle cell. How do its...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 9.8 - Compare visceral smooth muscle and multiunit...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 9.8 - How are spontoneous contractions produced in...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 67AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 9.10 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 9 - Which of these is true of skeletal muscle? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACCh. 9 - Prob. 3RACCh. 9 - Each myofibril Is made up of many muscle fibers....Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements about the molecular...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RACCh. 9 - Prob. 8RACCh. 9 - Prob. 9RACCh. 9 - Prob. 10RACCh. 9 - Prob. 11RACCh. 9 - Prob. 12RACCh. 9 - Prob. 13RACCh. 9 - With stimuli of increasing strength, which of...Ch. 9 - Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal...Ch. 9 - Which of these events occurs during the lag...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RACCh. 9 - Prob. 18RACCh. 9 - Given the conditions: (1) low ATP levels (2)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RACCh. 9 - Prob. 21RACCh. 9 - Prob. 22RACCh. 9 - Prob. 23RACCh. 9 - Prob. 24RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements concerning aging and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9 - A patient is thought to be suffering from either...Ch. 9 - Design an experiment to test the following...Ch. 9 - Explain what is happening at the level of...Ch. 9 - Predict the shape of an active tension curve for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CTCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTCh. 9 - Prob. 10CTCh. 9 - Prob. 11CTCh. 9 - Prob. 12CT
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- The contractile response in skeletal muscle A. produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than the muscle contracts isotonically. B. does not last as long as the action potential. C. produces more tension when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically. D. starts after the action potential is over. E. decreases in magnitude with repeated stimulation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false?a. Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.b. Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin.c. Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria.d. Slow fibers contract for extended periods.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Muscle fibers generate more tension if the starting length of their sarcomeres is very short. b. Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation. c. Muscles that require a great deal of precise control will have large motor units. d. A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractionsarrow_forward
- Which of the following describes a similarity between cardiac and smooth muscle cells?a. An action potential always precedes contraction.b. The majority of the Ca21 that activates contraction comes from theextracellular fluid.c. Action potentials are generated by slow waves.d. An extensive system of T-tubules is present.e. Ca21 release and contraction strengths are gradedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements relating to smooth muscle is true? a. single-unit smooth muscles contract rhythmically due to gap junctions b. multi-unit smooth muscles are arranged like skeletal muscle motor units c. visceral smooth muscles exhibit spontaneous action potentials d. multi-unit smooth muscles exhibit graded contractions in response to neural stimuli e. all of the abovearrow_forwardThe functions of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include A. releasing calcium ions after initiation of contraction. B. generating ATP which it passes to the contractile mechanism. C. binding to myosin during contraction. D. acting as a relaxing protein at rest by covering up the sites where myosin binds to actin. E. sliding on actin to produce shortening.arrow_forward
- The series-elastic component of muscle contraction is responsible for a.increased muscle shortening to successive twitches. b.a time delay between contraction and shortening. c.the lengthening of muscle after contraction has ceased. d.all of these.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the connective sheath of skeletal muscle is false? a. the endomysium wraps around every single muscle fiber b. the perimysium wraps around groups of muscle fibers c. the epimysium wraps around the whole muscle organ d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements relating to the factors affecting the force of muscle contraction is false? a. skeletal muscles contract strongest when the muscle fibers are 80-120% their resting length b. low frequency of stimulation generates decreased force c. larger muscle fibers can generate more tension to generate stronger contractions d. more motor units recruited causes stronger contractions e. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Why is the latent period longer during an isotonic twitch of a skeletalmuscle fiber than it is during an isometric twitch?a. Excitation–contraction coupling is slower during an isotonic twitch.b. Action potentials propagate more slowly when the fiber is shortening,so extra time is required to activate the entire fiber.c. In addition to the time for excitation-contraction coupling, it takesextra time for enough cross-bridges to attach to make the tension in themuscle fiber greater than the load.d. Fatigue sets in much more quickly during isotonic contractions, andwhen muscles are fatigued the cross-bridges move much more slowly.e. The latent period is longer because isotonic twitches only occur in slow(type I) muscle fibers.arrow_forwardWhen a muscle fiber is stretched from 60% of its optimal length to Lo, what change or changes are happening on the cellular level (MULTIPLE SELECT)? A. Increased calcium release from the SR B. Increased firing of action potentials from the alpha motor neuron C. Increased rate of myosin ATPase activity D. Increased number of actin-myosin bridges E. Increased stretch on titin, producing more passive forcearrow_forwardWhat role (function) does calcium have within a muscle fiber? a. trigger muscle potentials along t-tubules b. trigger contraction by causing the formation of cross bridges c. trigger exocytosis of ACh across the synaptic space d. trigger action potentials along axons e. open voltage gates within the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following are regulatory proteins that allow a muscle fiber to contract when calcium is present? (select all that apply) dystrophin troponin myosin tropomyosin actin 3. During this phase of an action potential, potassium ions exit the cell through voltage gated potassium channels. a. depolarization b. repolarization c. glycolysis d. cross bridge formationarrow_forward
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