Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9.3, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
The virus which infects the Bacteria and Achaea and replicates inside it is said to be phage formally called as bacteriophage. Unlike of other viral genomes, bacteriophages may contain DNA as a genetic element in some cases but mostly RNA.T4 phage, T5 phage, and λ phage are the most common examples of bacteriophages.
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Describe what would happen to the lac operon in a low-lactose environment and in a high lactose environment.
a) How will each of these environments affect gene expression?
b) What would happen to the repressor in each case?
c) How will each of these environments affect RNA polymerase?
A newly identified protein from the cells of the Panopyra plant on Pandora was shown to inhibit translation of its target genes by binding to the 5’ UTR of the mRNA and preventing ribosome binding. A possible way this inhibition may be relieved by an sRNA would be:
Group of answer choices
a)The sRNA acts as a silencer, suppressing the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place.
b)The sRNA acts as a decoy, sequestering the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place.
c)The sRNA acts as a marker, flagging the inhibitory protein for ubiquitination and allowing translation to take place.
The RNA transcript of a region of T4 phage DNA contains the sequence 5’-AAAUGAGGA-3'. This sequence encodes three different polypeptides. What are they?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 9.1 - Distinguish between a positive-strand RNA virus...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.3 - In the X174 genome, describe the difference...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.4 - In what major way does transcription of phage DNA...
Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.5 - What type of genome is seen in most archaeal...Ch. 9.5 - Compared with other archaeal viruses, what are two...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.8 - How are protein synthesis and genomic replication...Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.11 - How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the...Ch. 9.12 - If viroids are circular molecules, why are they...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Describe the classes of viruses based on their...Ch. 9 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. How might viruses help...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4RQCh. 9 - Describe how the genome of bacteriophage X174 is...Ch. 9 - Why can it be said that transcription of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Prob. 8RQCh. 9 - Prob. 9RQCh. 9 - Prob. 10RQCh. 9 - Prob. 11RQCh. 9 - Prob. 12RQCh. 9 - Prob. 13RQCh. 9 - Prob. 14RQCh. 9 - Rabies virus and poliovirus both have...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16RQCh. 9 - Why do both hepadnaviruses and retroviruses...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18RQCh. 9 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RQCh. 9 - Not all proteins are made from the RNA genome of...Ch. 9 - Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses...Ch. 9 - Imagine that you are a researcher at a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4AQ
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- What is the concept behind RNAI? Explain in terms of how it works.arrow_forwarda) State the functions of the subunits of RNA polymerase and describe transcription initiation. b)Draw a diagram to illustrate the lac operon and explain how it functions in the presence of, i) glucose and ii) lactose in the culture mediumarrow_forwardWhat is the minimum length of time required for the synthesis by E. coli polymerase of an mRNA encoding a 100- kDa protein?arrow_forward
- M13 is a filamentous phage that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli. Infection with M13 is not lethal. However, the infection causes turbid plaques in E. coli because infected bacteria grow slower than the surrounding uninfected bacteria. This phage has been engineered to act as a vector system. Explain how the amplification of gene of interest works in this phage with illustration.arrow_forwardHow long would it take for the E. coli RNA polymerase to synthesize the primary transcript for the E. coli genes encoding the enzymes for lactose metabolism, the 5,300 bp5,300 bp lac operon? Assume an average elongation rate of 7070 nucleotides per second. a)How far along the DNA would the transcription "bubble" formed by RNA polymerase move in 10 seconds10 seconds? b)Assuming that human Pol II transcribes at a similar rate, how long does it take to transcribe the 2,000,000 bp2,000,000 bp dystrophin gene?arrow_forwardGene expression in bacteria is controlled by the operon model. a) Why is the operon model important? b) Why is the trp operon known as a repressible operon?arrow_forward
- What is the phenotype of an E. coli strain with a mutation in the lac operator that allows the lac repressor to irreversibly bind the operator? Assume glucose is absent. 1S A) O Transcription of the operon is very high whether lactose is present or not. B) O Transcription of the operon is very low whether lactose is present or not. C) O Transcription of the operon is high in the presence of lactose, and low in its absence. D) O Transcription of the operon is low in the presence of lactose, and high in its absence.arrow_forwardWhich will be bound to the Lac Operon in an environment with lactose and glucose? A) both repressor and CAP B) repressor only C) CAP only D) neither repressor nor CAParrow_forwardWhat are the similarities and differences between DNA Polymerase and RNA polymerase? Explain the process of how the Lactose operon functions in the presence of lactose, glucose, both, and without lactose. Explain the process of how the Tryptophan operon functions in the presence of tryptophan and in the absence of tryptophan. What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes? How do these three types of horizontal gene transfer work? What are restriction endonucleases, restriction fragments, & explain the general premise behind Recombinant DNA technology. Describe: STR’s, Mitotyping, & SNP’s in relation to DNA profiling What are Transgenic or Genetically Modified Organisms? Provide examples using herbicide tolerance and pest resistance.arrow_forward
- A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete promoter sequence and a functional polyadenylation sequence, and it has wild-type nucleotides throughout the transcribed region. However, the gene fails to produce a functional protein. a)List at least 3 possible reasons why this eukaryotic gene is not expressed in bacteria. b)What changes would you recommend to permit expression of this eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell?arrow_forwardWhat are the effects of the following conditions on Lac operon of bacteria? Do not forget to mention about the role of repressor, activator, RNA polymerase in each case! A) Glucose is absent and lactose is present B) Glucose is present and lactose is present C) Glucose is present and lactose is absentarrow_forwardWhat is the probability that the palindromic symmetry of the trp repressor target DNA sequence is merely accidental?arrow_forward
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