Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Question
Chapter 9.2, Problem 11BYGO
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The site of effort, fulcrum, and resistance in the act of the dorsiflexion, the class of lever represented by the foot during the dorsiflexion, and the reason to have a mechanical advantage greater or less than 1.
Introduction:
The skeletal system's bones are connected by joints, or articulations, to form a useful whole that supports the body, allows for efficient movement, and shields the soft tissues. The shoulder, elbow, and knee joints, for example, are amazing examples of biological design since they are self-lubricating, nearly frictionless, and capable of supporting enormous loads, withstanding compression, and performing smooth and accurate motions.
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Where are the effort, fulcrum, and resistance in the act of dorsiflexion? What class of lever does the foot act as during dorsiflexion? Would you expect it to have a mechanical advantage greater or less than 1.0? Why?
What benefit is provided by a lever that operates at a mechanical advantage?
If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 9.1 - The fundamental definition of joint (articulation)...Ch. 9.1 - Relationships and differences between the sciences...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 4AYLO
Ch. 9.1 - Characteristics and examples of bony joints...Ch. 9.1 - Characteristics of fibrous joints (synarthroses)...Ch. 9.1 - Characteristics of cartilaginous joints...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 9.2 - The definition and anatomical features of a...Ch. 9.2 - General anatomy of tendons, ligaments, bursae, and...Ch. 9.2 - Three essential components of a leverCh. 9.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 9.2 - Variables that determine a joints range of motion...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 9.2 - Six kinds of synovial joints; how each is...Ch. 9.2 - The concept of zero position and how it relates to...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 9.2 - The same for flexion, extension, hyperextension,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 9.3 - Features of the jaw (temporomandibular) joint...Ch. 9.3 - Features of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 9.3 - Features of the ankle (talocrural) joint,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 9 - Which of the following is the least movable? a. a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 9 - Which of the following terms denotes a general...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 9 - In a second-class lever, the effort a. is applied...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 9 - The rotator cuff includes the tendons of all of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 9 - A fluid-filled sac that eases the movement of a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 9 - _____ is the science of movement.Ch. 9 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 9 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 9 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 9 - A doctor who treats arthritis is called a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 9 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 9 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 9 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 9 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 9 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 9 - Synovial fluid is secreted by the bursae.Ch. 9 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 9 - All second-class levers produce a mechanical...Ch. 9 - For each of the following joint movements, state...Ch. 9 - In order of occurrence, list the joint actions...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYC
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- What is an example of multiple lever types in the body during the same movement?arrow_forwardWhat class of lever is described by the following activities: (1) the soleus plantar flexing the foot; (2) the deltoid abducting the arm; (3) the triceps brachii extending the forearm during push-ups?arrow_forwardYou are trying to jump from a crouched position (knee fully flexed), 1) list all of the muscles at the knee and hip that would move you from this position to in the air. 2) using the principle of active insufficiency please also outline the timing of the muscle force for the knee and the hip (i.e. what muscles provide the most force early in the movement, when the knee and hip are both more flexed, and what muscles provide the most force later in the movement, when the hip and knee are both more extended)arrow_forward
- Based on the lever types we identified, are we at an overall mechanical disadvantage or advantage? Meaning, is our athlete working harder to perform less work, or vice versa? Based on the distribution of lever types throughout our lower body, where might we suggest the athlete focus when exerting greater power onto the ball? Joint Joint Action Primary Mover Resistance Lever Type 1. Flexion 1. Iliopsoas 1. 3rd 2. Extension 2. Gluteus Maximus Weight of leg and 2. 3rd ball Hip 3. Internal Rotation 3. Gracilis 3. 3rd 4. Horizontal 4. Pectineus 4. 3rd Adduction 5. Adductor Longus Weight of lower leg and ball Knee 1. Extension 1. Rectus femoris 1.3rd 1. Plantar Flexion 1. Gastrocnemius Weight of foot 1. 1st Ankle 2. Eversion 2. Peroneus Longus and ball 2.3rdarrow_forwardHow much force must be produced by the biceps brachii, attaching at 90? to the radius at 3 cm from the center of rotation at the elbow joint, to support a weight of 200 N held in the hand at a distance of 30 cm from the elbow joint? (Neglect the weight of the forearm and hand, and neglect any action of other muscles)arrow_forwardDifferentiate between the arrangement of elements (load, fulcrum, and effort) in first-, second-, and third-class levers.arrow_forward
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