1 Chemical Tools Experimentation And Measurement 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Mass Relationships In Chemical Reactions 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution 5 Periodicity And The Electronic Structure Of Atoms 6 Ionic Compounds Periodic Trends And Bonding Theory 7 Covalent Bonding And Electron-Dot Structures 8 Covalent Compounds Bonding Theories And Molecular Structure 9 Thermochemistry Chemical Energy 10 Gases Their Properties And Behavior 11 Liquids, Solids, And Phase Changes 12 Solutions And Their Properties 13 Chemical Kinetics 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Aqueous Equilibria Acids And Bases 16 Applications Of Aqueous Equilibria 17 Thermodynamica Entropy, Free Energy And Equilibrium 18 Electrochemistry 19 Nuclear Chemistry 20 Transition Elements And Coordination Chemistry 21 Metals And Solid-State Materials 22 The Main-Group Elements 23 Organic And Biological Chemistry expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 9.1P Problem 9.2A: Conceptual APPLY 9.2 How much work is done in kilojoules, and in which direction, as a result of the... Problem 9.3P: PRACTICE 9.3 The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to yield water vapor has H = -484 kJ. How much... Problem 9.4A: Conceptual APPLY 9.4 The following reaction has E = -186kJ/mol. (a) Is the sign of PV positive or... Problem 9.5P: PRACTICE 9.5 Use the following t her mo chemical equation to calculate how much heat in kilojoules... Problem 9.6A: APPLY 9.6 Approximately, 1.8106 kJ of energy is required to heat an average home in the Midwest... Problem 9.7P: PRACTICE 9.7 Indicate the direction of heat transfer between the system and the surroundings,... Problem 9.8A: APPLY 9.8 Instant hot packs and cold packs contain a solid salt in a capsule that is broken and... Problem 9.9P: PRACTICE 9.9 What is the specific heat of lead in J/(g • °C) if it takes 97.2 J to raise the... Problem 9.10A: APPLY 9.10 Calculate the heat capacity (C) of a bomb calorimeter if 1650 J raised the temperature of... Problem 9.11P: PRACTICE 9.11 When 25.0 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4 is added to 50.0 mL of 1.0 M NaOH at 25.0 °C in a... Problem 9.12A Problem 9.13P Problem 9.14A Problem 9.15P Problem 9.16A Problem 9.17P Problem 9.18A: APPLY 9.18 Benzene (C6H6) has two resonance structures meaning each carbon-carbon bond is... Problem 9.19P Problem 9.20A Problem 9.21P Problem 9.22A Problem 9.23P Problem 9.24A Problem 9.25P Problem 9.26P Problem 9.27P Problem 9.28P Problem 9.29P Problem 9.30CP: A piece of dry ice (solid CO2) is placed inside a balloon and the balloon is tied shut. Over time,... Problem 9.31CP: Imagine a reaction that results in a change in both volume and temperature: (a) Has any work been... Problem 9.32CP: 9.32 Redraw the following diagram to represent the situation (a) when work has been gained by the... Problem 9.33CP: 9.33 A reaction is carried out in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. The starting volume is V... Problem 9.34CP Problem 9.35CP Problem 9.36CP Problem 9.37CP Problem 9.38CP Problem 9.39CP Problem 9.40SP: What is the difference between heat and temperature? Between work and energy? Between kinetic energy... Problem 9.41SP: What is internal energy? Problem 9.42SP Problem 9.43SP Problem 9.44SP: Which of the following are state functions, and which are not? (a) The temperature of an ice cube... Problem 9.45SP Problem 9.46SP: Calculate the work done in joules by a chemical reaction if the volume increases from 3.2 L to 3.4 L... Problem 9.47SP: The addition of H2 to C=C double bonds is an important reaction used in the preparation of margarine... Problem 9.48SP Problem 9.49SP Problem 9.50SP: 9.50 A reaction inside a cylindrical container with a movable piston causes the volume to change... Problem 9.51SP: At a constant pressure of 0.905 atm, a chemical reaction takes place in a cylindrical container with... Problem 9.52SP Problem 9.53SP Problem 9.54SP Problem 9.55SP Problem 9.56SP: 9.56 The explosion of 2.00 mol of solid trinitrotoluene (TNT; C7H5N3O6) with a volume of... Problem 9.57SP Problem 9.58SP Problem 9.59SP: Assume that a particular reaction evolves 244 kJ of heat and that 35 kJ of PV work is gained by the... Problem 9.60SP Problem 9.61SP: A reaction takes place at a constant pressure of 1.10 atm with an internal energy change ( E) of... Problem 9.62SP Problem 9.63SP: Indicate the direction of heat transfer between the system and the surroundings, classify the... Problem 9.64SP Problem 9.65SP Problem 9.66SP: Aluminum metal reacts with chlorine with a spectacular display of sparks: 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)2AlCl3(s)H =... Problem 9.67SP Problem 9.68SP: 9,68 How much heat in kilojoules is evolved or absorbed in each of the following reactions?
(a) ... Problem 9.69SP: 9.69 Nitromethane (CH3NO2), sometimes used as a fuel in drag racers, burns according to the... Problem 9.70SP: How much heat in kilojoules is evolved or absorbed in the reaction of 2.50 g of Fe2O3 with enough... Problem 9.71SP: How much heat in kilojoules is evolved or absorbed in the reaction of 233.0 g of calcium oxide with... Problem 9.72SP: What is the difference between heat capacity and specific heat? Problem 9.73SP: Does a measurement carried out in a bomb calorimeter give a value for H or E ? Explain. Problem 9.74SP: Sodium metal is sometimes used as a cooling agent in heat-exchange units because of its relatively... Problem 9.75SP: Titanium metal is used as a structural material in many high-tech applications, such as in jet... Problem 9.76SP: Assuming that Coca Cola has the same specific heat as water [4.18 J/(g•°C)], calculate the amount of... Problem 9.77SP: Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 250.0 g (approximately 1 cup) of... Problem 9.78SP: Instant cold packs used to treat athletic injuries contain solid NH4NO3 and a pouch of water. When... Problem 9.79SP: 9.79 Instant hot packs contain a solid and a pouch of water. When the pack is squeezed, the pouch... Problem 9.80SP Problem 9.81SP Problem 9.82SP: 9.82 When 0.187 g of benzene, C6H6 is burned in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of both the... Problem 9.83SP Problem 9.84SP: 9.84 How is the standard state of an element defined? What is Hess's law, and why does it "work"?
Problem 9.85SP Problem 9.86SP Problem 9.87SP Problem 9.88SP Problem 9.89SP Problem 9.90SP Problem 9.91SP Problem 9.92SP: Write balanced equations for the formation of the following compounds from their elements: (a)... Problem 9.93SP Problem 9.94SP Problem 9.95SP Problem 9.96SP Problem 9.97SP Problem 9.98SP Problem 9.99SP Problem 9.100SP Problem 9.101SP Problem 9.102SP Problem 9.103SP Problem 9.104SP Problem 9.105SP Problem 9.106SP Problem 9.107SP Problem 9.108SP: Use the average bond dissociation energies in Table 7.2 to calculate approximate reaction enthalpies... Problem 9.109SP: 9.109 Use the bond dissociation energies in Table 7.2 to calculate an approximate in kilojoules for... Problem 9.110SP Problem 9.111SP: Calculate an approximate heat of combustion for ethane (C2H6) in kJ/mol and kJ/g by using the bond... Problem 9.112SP Problem 9.113SP Problem 9.114SP Problem 9.115SP Problem 9.116SP Problem 9.117SP Problem 9.118SP Problem 9.119SP Problem 9.120SP: One of the steps in the cracking of petroleum into gasoline involves the thermal breakdown of large... Problem 9.121SP: The commercial production of 1,2-dichloro ethane, a solvent used in dry cleaning, involves the... Problem 9.122SP Problem 9.123SP Problem 9.124SP: Suppose that a reaction has H = -33 kJ and S = -58 J/K. At what temperature will it change from... Problem 9.125SP: Suppose that a reaction has H = +41 kJ and S = -27J/K. At what temperature, if any, will it change... Problem 9.126SP Problem 9.127SP: Vinyl chloride (H2C=CHCl), the starting material used in the industrial preparation of poly (vinyl... Problem 9.128SP: Ethyl alcohol has Hfusion = 5.02 kJ/mol and melts at -114.1 °C. What is the value of Sfusion for... Problem 9.129SP: Chloroform has Hvaporization = 29.2 kJ/mol and boils at 61.2 °C. What is the value of Svaporization... Problem 9.130CP: When a sample of a hydrocarbon fuel is ignited and burned in oxygen, the internal energy decreases... Problem 9.131CP: Used in welding metals, the reaction of acetylene with oxygen has H = -1256.2 kJ:... Problem 9.132CP: Ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl), a substance used as a topical anesthetic, is prepared by reaction of... Problem 9.133CP: When 1.50 g of magnesium metal is allowed to react with 200 mL of 6.00 M aqueous HCl, the... Problem 9.134CP Problem 9.135CP: Find H in kilojoules for the reaction of nitric oxide with oxygen, 2NO(g)+O2(g)N2O4(g) , given the... Problem 9.136CP: The boiling point of a substance is defined as the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in... Problem 9.137CP Problem 9.138CP Problem 9.139CP Problem 9.140CP: Isooctane, C8H18, is the component of gasoline from which the term octane rating derives. (a) Write... Problem 9.141CP: We said in Section 9.1 that the potential energy of water at the top of a dam or waterfall is... Problem 9.142CP: For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase;... Problem 9.143CP: Set up a Hess's law cycle, and use the following information to calculate f for aqueous nitric acid,... Problem 9.144CP: A 110.0 g piece of molybdenum metal is heated to 100.0 °C and placed in a calorimeter that contains... Problem 9.145CP: Given 400.0 g of hot tea at 80.0 °C, what mass of ice at 0 °C must be added to obtain iced tea at... Problem 9.146CP: Citric acid has three dissociable hydrogens. When 5.00 mL of 0.64 M citric acid and 45.00 mL of 0.77... Problem 9.147CP: Assume that 100.0 mL of 0.200 M CsOH and 50.0 mL of 0.400 M HCl are mixed in a calorimeter. The... Problem 9.148CP: Imagine that you dissolve 10.0 g of a mixture of NaNO3 and KF in 100.0 g of water and find that the... Problem 9.149CP: Consider the reaction: 4CO(g)+2NO2(g)4CO2(g)+N2(g) , Using the following information, determine H... Problem 9.150MP: The reaction S8(g)4S2(g) has H = +237 kJ (a) The S8 molecule has eight sulfur atoms arranged in a... Problem 9.151MP Problem 9.152MP Problem 9.153MP: (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of potassium metal with water(b) Use the data in... Problem 9.154MP Problem 9.155MP format_list_bulleted