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Chapter 9 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- What are quantum numbers? What information do we get from the quantum numbers n, l, and ml? We define a spin quantum number (ms), but do we know that an electron literally spins?arrow_forwardSpinets are solids with the general formula M2+ (M3+)2O4 (where M2+ and M3+ are metal cations of the same or different metals). The best-known example is common magnetite, Fe3O4 [which you can formulate as (Fe2+)(Fe3+)2O4]. A crystal of a spinet (a) Given its name, it is evident that magnetite is ferromagnetic. How many unpaired electrons are in iron(II) and in iron(III) ions? (b) Two other spinets are CoAl2O4 and SnCo2O4. What metal ions are involved in each? What are their electron configurations? Are the metal ions paramagnetic, and if so, how many unpaired electrons are involved?arrow_forward6.101 Laser welding is a technique in which a tightly focused laser beam is used to deposit enough energy to weld metal parts together. Because the entire process can be automated, it is commonly used in many large-scale industries, including the manufacture of automobiles. In order to achieve the desired weld quality, the steel parts being joined must absorb energy at a rate of about 104 W/mm2. (Recall that 1 W = 1 J/s.) A particular laser welding system employs a Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1.06m ; at this wavelength steel will absorb about 80% of the incident photons. If the laser beam is focused to illuminate a circular spot with a diameter of 0.02 inch, what is the minimum power (in watts) that the laser must emit to reach the 104 W/mm2 threshold? How many photons per second does this correspond to? (For simplicity, assume that the energy from the laser does not penetrate into the metal to any significant depth.)arrow_forward
- The figure below represents part of the emission spectrum for a one-electron ion in lhe gas phase. All the lines result from electronic transitions from excited states to the n = 3 state. (See Exercise 160.) a. What electronic transitions correspond to lines A and B? b. If the wavelength of line B is 142.5 nm, calculate the wavelength of line A.arrow_forwardPalladium, with an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d10, is an exception to the aufbau principle. Write the electron configuration of the 2+ cation of palladium. Does the fact that palladium is an exception influence the electron configuration of Pd2+?arrow_forward
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