Concept explainers
Give a chemical explanation for each of the following: (a) When calcium metal is added to a sulfuric acid solution, hydrogen gas is generated. After a few minutes, the reaction slows down and eventually stops even though none of the reactants is used up. Explain, (b) In the activity series, aluminum is above hydrogen, yet the metal appears to be unreactive toward hydrochloric acid. Why? (Hint: Al forms an oxide, Al2O3, on the surface.) (c) Sodium and potassium lie above copper in the activity series. Explain why Cu2+ ions in a CuSO4 solution are not converted to metallic copper upon the addition of these metals. (d) A metal M reacts slowly with steam. There is no visible change when it is placed in a pale green iron(II) sulfate solution. Where should we place M in the activity series? (e) Before aluminum metal was obtained by
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Chemistry: Atoms First
- Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between MgC03(s) and a strong acid to give Mg2+(aq), CO2(g), and water. (b) the precipitation of iron(III) hydroxide from the reaction between iron(III) and hydroxide ions.arrow_forwardOrder the following oxidizing agents by increasing strength under standard-state conditions: Mg2+(aq), Hg2+(aq), Pb2+(aq).arrow_forwardA Describe how to prepare zinc chloride by (a) an add-base reaction, (b) a gas-forming reaction, and (c) an oxidation-reduction reaction. The available starting materials are ZnCO3, HCl, Cl2, HNO3, Zn(OH)2, NaCl, Zn(NO3)2, and Zn. Write complete, balanced equations for the reactions chosen.arrow_forward
- An electrode is prepared from liquid mercury in contact with a saturated solution of mercury(I) chloride, Hg2Cl, containing 1.00 M Cl . The cell potential of the voltaic cell constructed by connecting this electrode as the cathode to the standard hydrogen half-cell as the anode is 0.268 V. What is the solubility product of mercury(I) chloride?arrow_forwardThe presence of arsenic in a sample that may also contain another Group 5A element, antimony, can be confirmed by first precipitating the As3+ and Sb3+ ions as yellow solid As2S3 and orange solid Sb2S3. If aqueous HCI is then added, only Sb2S3 dissolves, leaving behind solid As2S3. The As2S3 can then be dissolved using aqueous HNO3. 3 As2S3(s) + 10 HNO3(aq) + 4 H2O() 6 H3AsO4(aq) + 10 NO(g) + 9 S(s) Finally, the presence of arsenic is confirmed by adding AgNO3 to the solution of H3AsO4 to precipitate a reddish brown solid AgxAsOy The composition of this solid is As, 16.199% and Ag, 69.964%. (a) What are the oxidation numbers of As, S, and N in the reaction of As2S3 with nitric acid? (b) What is the formula of the reddish brown solid AgxAsOy?arrow_forwardIn the commercial preparation of aluminum, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is electrolyzed at 1000C. (The mineral cryolite is added as a solvent.) Assume that the cathode reaction is Al3+3eAl How many coulombs of electricity are required to give 3.9 kg of aluminum?arrow_forward
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