Chapter 9, Problem 74A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balance chemical reaction of given skeleton equation needs to be determined.

$\text{Lithium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + Gold chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{Lithium chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ gold }\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is the conversion of reactant molecules to product molecule by breaking and making of chemical bonds.

In a balance chemical equation, the number of atoms must be same at both sides.

Answer to Problem 74A

${\text{3 Li}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + AuCl}}_{\text{3(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 3 LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + Au}}_{\text{(s)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the given skeleton equation can be written as:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Lithium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + Gold chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{Lithium chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ gold }\left(\text{s}\right)\\ {\text{Li}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + AuCl}}_{\text{3(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + Au}}_{\text{(s)}}\end{array}$

To balance the chemical equation:

Reactant	Product
Li = 1 → 3	Li = = 1 → 3
Au = 1	Au = 1
Cl = 3	Cl = 1 → 3

${\text{3 Li}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + AuCl}}_{\text{3(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 3 LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + Au}}_{\text{(s)}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balance chemical reaction of given skeleton equation needs to be determined.

$\text{Iron}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + tin}\left(\text{IV}\right)\text{ nitrate }\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{ nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ tin }\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is the conversion of reactant molecules to product molecule by breaking and making of chemical bonds.

In a balance chemical equation, the number of atoms must be same at both sides.

Answer to Problem 74A

${\text{4 Fe}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 3 Sn(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 4 Fe(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_3{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + 3 Sn}}_{\text{(s)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the given skeleton equation can be written as:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Iron}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + tin}\left(\text{IV}\right)\text{ nitrate }\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{ nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ tin }\left(\text{s}\right)\\ {\text{ Fe}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Sn(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ Fe(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_3{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + Sn}}_{\text{(s)}}\end{array}$

To balance the chemical equation:

Reactant	Product
Fe = 1→4	Fe = = 1→4
N = 4→12	N = 3→ 12
Sn = 3	Sn = 1→ 3
O = 12→36	O=9→ 36

${\text{4 Fe}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 3 Sn(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 4 Fe(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_3{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + 3 Sn}}_{\text{(s)}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balance chemical reaction of given skeleton equation needs to be determined.

$\text{Nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + oxygen }\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{ oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+ dichlorinepentaoxide }\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is the conversion of reactant molecules to product molecule by breaking and making of chemical bonds.

In a balance chemical equation, the number of atoms must be same at both sides.

Answer to Problem 74A

${\text{NiCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 3 O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ NiO}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}{}_{\text{(g)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the given skeleton equation can be written as:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{ + oxygen }\left(\text{g}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{ oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+dichlorine pentaoxide }\left(\text{aq}\right)\\ {\text{NiCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ NiO}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\end{array}$

To balance the chemical equation:

Reactant	Product
Ni = 1	Ni = 1
Cl = 2	Cl = 2
O = 2→6	O=6

${\text{NiCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 3 O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ NiO}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}{}_{\text{(g)}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balance chemical reaction of given skeleton equation needs to be determined.

$\text{Lithium chromate }\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{ + barium chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{lithium chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ barium chromate }\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is the conversion of reactant molecules to product molecule by breaking and making of chemical bonds.

In a balance chemical equation, the number of atoms must be same at both sides.

Answer to Problem 74A

$\text{Li}\text{C}{\text{rO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 2 LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCrO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation for the given skeleton equation can be written as:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Lithium chromate }\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{ + barium chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{lithium chloride }\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+ barium chromate }\left(\text{s}\right)\\ \text{Li}\text{C}{\text{rO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCrO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\end{array}$

To balance the chemical equation:

Reactant	Product
Li = 2	Li = 1→ 2
Cl = 2	Cl = 1→ 2
Ba = 1	Ba = 1
Cr = 1	Cr = 1
O = 4	O = 4

$\text{Li}\text{C}{\text{rO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 2 LiCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{ + BaCrO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$