Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The term empirical and molecular formula for a substance should be determined. The information which is provided by both the formulas about a compound should be determined long with the information which must be known for a compound before the molecular formula can be determined. The reason that the molecular formula an integer multiple of the empirical formula should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The chemical formula which represents the simplest whole number atoms ratio present in the compound is said to be empirical formula.
The chemical formula which shows the actual number of every atoms present in the compound is known as molecular formula.
Number of moles can be calculated as follows;
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- Which of the following pairs of compounds have the same empirical formula? a. acetylene, C2H2, and benzene, C6H6 b. ethane, C2H6, and butane, C4H10 c. nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 d. diphenyl ether, C12H10O, and phenol, C6H5OHarrow_forwardYou have a pure sample of apholate, C12H24N9P3, a highly effective commercial insecticide. Calculate the molar mass of apholate. Calculate the mass of N in 100. g apholate. A sample containing 250.0 mg apholate is sprayed on an agricultural field. Calculate the mass of phosphorus in this sample of apholate; express your result in grams. Calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in this sample of apholate.arrow_forwardAtomic masses are relative masses. What does this mean?arrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following hydrocarbons has the highest mass percentage of carbon? methane, CH4 ethane, C2H6 propane, C3H8 butane, C4H10arrow_forwardPolymers are large molecules composed of simple units repeated many times. Thus, they often have relatively simple empirical formulas. Calculate the empirical formulas of the following polymers: Lucite (Plexiglas); 59.9% C, 8.06% H, 32.0% O Saran; 24.8% C, 2.0% H, 73.1% C1 polyethylene; 86% C, 14% H polystyrene; 92.3% C, 7.7% H Orlon; 67.9% C, 5.70% H, 26.4% Narrow_forwardCacodyl, a compound containing arsenic, was reported in 1842 by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. It has an almost intolerable garlic-like odor. Its molar mass is 210 g/mol, and it is 22.88% C, 5.76% H, and 71.36% As. Determine its empirical and molecular formulas.arrow_forward
- Chalky, white crystals in mineral collections are often labeled borax, which has the molecular formula Na2B4O7 10H2O, when actually they are partially dehydrated samples with the molecular formula Na2B4O7 5H2O, which is more stable under the storage conditions. Real crystals of borax are colorless and transparent. (a) Calculate the percent mass that the mineral has lost when it partially dehydrates. (b) Is the percent boron by mass the same in both compounds?arrow_forwardWith the advent of techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy, it is now possible to write with individual atoms by manipulating and arranging atoms on an atomic surface. a. If an image is prepared by manipulating iron atoms and their total mass is 1.05 1020 g, what number of iron atoms were used? b. If the image is prepared on a platinum surface that is exactly 20 platinum atoms high and 14 platinum atoms wide, what is the mass (grams) of the atomic surface? c. If the atomic surface were changed to ruthenium atoms and the same surface mass as determined in part b is used, what number of ruthenium atoms is needed to construct the surface?arrow_forwardAccording to the law of conservation of mass, mass cannot be gained or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Why can't you simply add the masses of two reactants to determine the total mass of product? Choose the best answer and explain. One of the reactants could be present in excess, and not all of it will be used to make the product(s). The masses of the reactants must be converted to moles first and then added. Not all chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, especially ones with mixed physical states present. The masses of the two reactants cannot be added until they are each multiplied by their coefficient in the balanced equation. It is only the molar masses that are conserved in chemical reactions, not the actual mass amounts given in the laboratory.arrow_forward
- Saccharin, a molecular model of which is shown below, is more than 300 times sweeter than sugar. It was first made in 1807, when it was common practice for chemists to record the taste of any new substances they synthesized. (a) Write the molecular formula for the compound, and draw its structural formula. (S atoms are yellow.) (b) If you ingest 125 mg of saccharin, what amount (moles) of saccharin have you ingested? (c) What mass of sulfur is contained in 125 mg of saccharin?arrow_forwardA substance X2Z has the composition (by mass) of 40.0% X and 60.0% Z. What is the composition (by mass) of the compound XZ2?arrow_forwardArrange the following substances in order of increasing mass percent of nitrogen. a. NO b. N2O c. NH3 d. SNHarrow_forward
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