Chapter 9, Problem 58E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Total increase and the percentage increase in emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ between $1949$ and $2011$ are to be calculated along with the average percentage increase in ${\text{CO}}_2$ emission per year between $1949$ and $2011$.

Concept Introduction:

Energy is the property that is required by an object to perform work and to heat itself and it can be measured.

The average change is calculated by dividing the change in the value by the elapsed time.

Answer to Problem 58E

Solution:

a)

The percentage increase in emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ between $1949$ and $2011$ is $150\%$.

b)

The average percentage increase in ${\text{CO}}_2$ emission is $24\%/\text{yr}$.

Explanation of Solution

a) The total increase in emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ and also the percentage increase for the period between $1949$ and $2011$.

The percentage increase in emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ between $1949$ and $2011$ is calculated as follows:

The emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ in $1949\text{is}2.\text{2}\text{quad}$ and in $2012\text{is}5.5\text{quad}$.

$\text{The percentage emission of} C{O}_2=\frac{\text{Emission of} C{O}_2\text{in}2011-\text{Emission of} C{O}_2\text{in}1949}{\text{Emission of} C{O}_2\text{in}1949}\times 100$

Substitute the value of emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ in $1949$ and in $2011$ in the above expression.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{The}\text{yearly}\text{average}\text{consumption}=\left(\frac{5.5-2.2}{2.2}\times 100\right)\\ =\left(\frac{3.3}{2.2}\right)\times 100\\ =150\%\end{array}$

Hence, the percentage increase in emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ between $1949$ and $2011$ is $150\%$.

b) The average percentage increase of ${\text{CO}}_2$ emission per year between $1949$ and $2011$.

The average percentage increase in ${\text{CO}}_2$ emission per year between $1949$ and $2011$ is calculated as follows:

$\text{The average percentage emission of} C{O}_2=\frac{\text{Percentage}\text{of}\text{emmision}\text{of}{\text{CO}}_2}{2011-1949}$.

Substitute the value of emission of ${\text{CO}}_2$ in the above expression.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{The average percentage emission of} C{O}_2=\left(\frac{150\%}{62\text{yr}}\right)\\ =24\%/yr\end{array}$

Hence, the average percentage increase of ${\text{CO}}_2$ emission is $24\%/\text{yr}$.