Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.3, Problem 1CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS How are the large numbers of ATP and NADPH molecules used during the Calvin cycle consistent with the high value of glucose as an energy source?
(Compare Figures 7.15 and 8.17.)
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Students have asked these similar questions
For the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss.
A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow
B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient?
C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
The diagram below shows the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Work with your team to add the
following labels
•Complexes I-IV and ATP
synthase
NADH and NAD+
Figure 7.10b
Biology: How Life Works, Second Edition
2016 Macmillan Education
H* Gradient:
Reduction of O₂:
mugit's
For each poison, assess impact on (1) input (NADH, electrons); (2) H+ gradient; (3) reduction of
oxygen; (4) ATP synthase; and finally, do you predict it to be fatal to humans?.
1. Cyanide: binds to Cytochrome C (complex IV), and deactivates it.
NADH levels:
ATP Synthase:
Fatal?
•FADH2 and FAD
O2 and H2O
•ATP, ADP, and Pi
•H+ and electrons
•Matrix, cytoplasm, and
intermembrane space.
What are the stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle? Select all that apply.
The resulting unstable six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules of PGA.
ATP and NADPH are used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.
Most of the PGAL is used to regenerate RuBP, but some is exported to the cytoplasm to produce carbohydrates.
Rubisco attaches CO2 to a five-carbon organic compound called RuBP.
Rubisco is used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - How do the reactant molecules of photosynthesis...Ch. 8.1 - How did the use of an oxygen isotope help...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH,...Ch. 8.2 - What color of light is least effective in driving...Ch. 8.2 - In the light reactions, what is the initial...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How are the large numbers of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - WHAT IF? Explain why a poison that inhibits an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8 - The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the...
Ch. 8 - Which of the following sequences correctly...Ch. 8 - How is photosynthesis similar in C4, plants and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is a correct...Ch. 8 - Which of the following does not occur during the...Ch. 8 - In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - To synthesize one glucose molecule, the Calvin...Ch. 8 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Scientific...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT The following diagram represents an...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 8 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Life is solar powered....Ch. 8 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Watermelon snow in...
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- A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake phase of the Calvin cycle, as freely moving CO2 molecules become fixed into a carbon skeleton. How can this occur without direct participation by NADPH and/or ATP?arrow_forwardGive typed full explanation Diagram the path of electron flow from NADH to the final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. For each electron carrier, indicate whether only electrons or both electrons and protons, are accepted/donated by that carrier. B) What would happen to this electron flow and what are the resulting consequences if myxothiazol is added to actively respiring mitochondria using succinate as an electron donor? C) Would you predict ubiquinone reduction to ubiquinol would be more favored at acidic pH or alkaline pH? Why? And as a result, would you predict Complex I active site for this reaction is closer to the N side or P side of the mitochondria?arrow_forwardQ1: What are the products of cellular respiration? Q2: Considering the inputs and products of each process, why is cellular respiration considered the reciprocal process to photosynthesis? Q3: Which of the three stages of cellular respiration—glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, or oxidative phosphorylation—could organisms have used 4 billion years ago, before photosynthesis by cyanobacteria released oxygen into the atmosphere?arrow_forward
- MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how nitrogen andphosphorus, the nutrients that most often limit primaryproduction, are necessary for the Calvin cycle to functionin photosynthesis (see Concept 10.3).arrow_forwardChoose all that apply: The final electron acceptor(s) associated with photosystem II is/are: NADP+ 02 Photosystem I ATParrow_forwardCalculate the energy cost of the Calvin cycle combined with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, that is, the ratio of the energy spent synthesizing starch from CO2 and photosynthetically produced NADPH and ATP to the energy generated by the complete oxidation of starch. Assume that each NADPH is energetically equivalent to 2.5 ATP and that starch biosynthesis and breakdown are mechanistically identical to glycogen synthesis and break down.arrow_forward
- Predict the eff ect of adding myxothiazol, an inhibitor of electron transport in mitochondrial Complex III, to a suspension of chloroplasts exposed to light. Would either ATP or NADPH production be aff ected?arrow_forwardQ) Start with a photon of sunlight and a carbon atom in a molecule of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: model/diagram their pathway from that starting point to their final destination as a glucose molecule that is used for energy in a cell in the plant root. Following your diagram/model, provide a written explanation for what your diagram/model depicts. Make sure both your model and explanation are clear, concise, and have the appropriate level of detail to clearly demonstrate you understand photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the movement of mass and energy in plants.arrow_forwardQ)Start with a photon of sunlight and a carbon atom in a molecule of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: model/diagram their pathway from that starting point to their final destination as a glucose molecule that is used for energy in a cell in the plant root. Following your diagram/model, provide a written explanation for what your diagram/model depicts. Make sure both your model and explanation are clear, concise, and have the appropriate level of detail to clearly demonstrate you understand photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the movement of mass and energy in plants. NOTE- include the steps of photosynthesis (light-dependent reactions, ETC, Calvin cycle) and the inputs and outputs at each. Then, need to explain how sugar gets transported from the leaf to be used in cell respiration in the root. Then need to diagram cell respiration, including each stage and the inputs and outputs.arrow_forward
- CHCASE Dashboard A student conducts two experiments to observe the effects of different factors on ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration. In the first experiment, the student isolates mitochondria in a test tube, adds oxygen to the test tube, and measures the amounts of ATP produced at three temperatures. In a second experiment, the student keeps the temperature the same and varies the concentration of oxygen added to the test tube for each trial, The student records all data in the table shown. Ite Ite Ite Experiment Trial Temperature Oxygen Concentration (°C) ATP Produced (mol/L) (mol/L) Iter 1 25 15 1.5 Iter 1 30 15 1.8 Item 35 15 2.6 Iter 35 25 3.5 Iter 2 2 35 35 3.8 Item 3 35 45 4.2 Based on the experiments, which statement can be concluded concerning ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration? O Increasing the temperature or the oxygen concentration improves the efficiency of ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration. O Decreasing the temperature or…arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.arrow_forwardATP is produced by chemiosmosis in photosynthesis". Identify where and how this chemical gradient is formed?how this is driving the ATP synthesis. Mention where the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place along with the functional end product(s) of these two stages. Dark and light reactions of photosynthesis are interconnected, how?arrow_forward
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