The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Criteria for Aromaticity: A molecule must be cyclic. Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital. The molecule must be planar. π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons . Heterocyclic compounds: A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

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What orbital do the lone-pair electrons occupy in each of the following compounds?

Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chermical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is HyC CH The number of unshared pairs at atom e is The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is HC CH The number of unshared pairs at atom e is

Indicate the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry for each of the six compounds. H | (the sixth one Is H-C-H) | H

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 8.20, Problem 56P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 10

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 11

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies, to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Criteria for Aromaticity:

A molecule must be cyclic.

Every atom in the ring must have a p-orbital.

The molecule must be planar.

π- Cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π-electrons.

Heterocyclic compounds:

A cyclic compound in which one or more of the ring atoms is an atom other than carbon is known as heterocyclic compounds.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3P Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 4P Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 8.6 - a. Predict the relative bond lengths of the three...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10P Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 11P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the orbital do the lone pair of electrons occupies has to be identified.

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