General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781285853918
Author: H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.115EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest vapor pressure for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Colligative properties: Properties of solutions which having influence on the concentration of the solute in it. Colligative properties are given below:

  • Decrease in the vapor pressure
  • Increase in the boiling point
  • Decline in the freezing point
  • Osmotic pressure

Vapor pressure of a liquid: Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by vapors of liquids when the equilibrium is established between liquid and its vapor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest boiling point for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Boiling point is the temperature at which liquid turns into a gas. Example: boiling point of water is 100°C. That is water changes from liquid phase to gas phase.

ΔTb= TbTb°

Where,

ΔTb Change in boiling point

Tb -  Boiling point of the solution

Tb° -  Boiling point of pure solvent

Boiling point elevation(ΔTb) is distinction between boiling point of the pure solvent (Tb°) and the boiling point of the solution (Tb).

ΔTb= iKbm

Where,

ΔTb is the change in boiling point

Kb is the Molar boiling point constant

M is the molality of the solution

i is Van’t Hoff factor

Note:

The boiling point of one kilogram of water will be increase by 0.51°C the addition of one mole of solute particles.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest freezing point for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing point is the temperature at which liquid turns into solid.

Freezing point depression(ΔTf) is distinction between freezing point of the pure solvent (Tf°) and the freezing point of the solution (Tf).

ΔTf= Kfm

Where,

ΔTf Change in freezing point

Kf Molar freezing point constant

m- Molality of the solution

Note:

The freezing point of one kilogram of water will be lower by 1.86°C by the addition of one mole of solute particles.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest osmolarity for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

In osmosis, the passage of solvent from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution occurs through a semipermeable membrane.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Ch. 8.4 - The rule like dissolves like is not adequate when...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.4 - Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble in...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 5QQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 6QQCh. 8.6 - The defining equation for the molarity...Ch. 8.6 - For which of the following solutions is the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.7 - When 60.0 mL of a 1.00 M solution is diluted by...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 8.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.8 - A colloidal dispersion differs from a true...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 8.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.9 - Adding a nonvolatile solute to a pure solvent...Ch. 8.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 8.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.9 - Which of the following solutions would have a...Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 8.10 - The osmolarity of a 0.40 molar NaCl solution is a....Ch. 8.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 8.10 - Which of the following solutions is hypertonic...Ch. 8.10 - Which of the following solutions is isotonic with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3EPCh. 8 - Identify the solute and the solvent in solutions...Ch. 8 - For each of the following pairs of solutions,...Ch. 8 - For each of the following pairs of solutions,...Ch. 8 - Classify each of the following solutions as...Ch. 8 - Classify each of the following solutions as...Ch. 8 - A solution is made by dissolving 34.0 g of NaCl in...Ch. 8 - A solution is made by dissolving 0.455 g of PbBr2...Ch. 8 - A compound has a solubility in water of 35 g/L at...Ch. 8 - A compound has a solubility in water of 40 g/L at...Ch. 8 - Match each of the following statements about the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.14EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.15EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.17EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19EPCh. 8 - Methanol is a polar solvent and heptane is a...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8-2, classify each of the following...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8-2, classify each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.23EPCh. 8 - Using Table 8-2, indicate whether each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8-2, indicate whether each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8-2, indicate whether each of the...Ch. 8 - Indicate whether or not the two members of each of...Ch. 8 - Indicate whether or not the two members of each of...Ch. 8 - A compound has a solubility in water of 250 mg/L...Ch. 8 - A compound has a solubility in water of 750 mg/L...Ch. 8 - The following diagrams show varying amounts of the...Ch. 8 - The following diagrams show varying amounts of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.33EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.34EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.35EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36EPCh. 8 - How many grams of glucose must be added to 275 g...Ch. 8 - How many grams of lactose must be added to 655 g...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of K2SO4 needed to...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of KCl needed to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.41EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49EPCh. 8 - How many grams of Na2S2O3 are needed to prepare...Ch. 8 - How many grams of NaCl are present in 50.0 mL of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.52EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.68EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72EPCh. 8 - What is the molarity of the solution prepared by...Ch. 8 - What is the molarity of the solution prepared by...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.75EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81EPCh. 8 - How are the boiling point and freezing point of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83EPCh. 8 - How does the freezing point of seawater compare...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.85EPCh. 8 - Assume that you have identical volumes of two...Ch. 8 - What is the boiling point of a solution that...Ch. 8 - What is the boiling point of a solution that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.89EPCh. 8 - What is the freezing point of a solution that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.91EPCh. 8 - Which member of each of the following pairs of...Ch. 8 - What would be the freezing point of a solution...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.94EPCh. 8 - Indicate whether the osmotic pressure of a 0.1 M...Ch. 8 - Indicate whether the osmotic pressure of a 0.1 M...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.97EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98EPCh. 8 - What is the osmolarity of each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.100EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102EPCh. 8 - Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size,...Ch. 8 - Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size,...Ch. 8 - Will red blood cells crenate, hemolyze, or remain...Ch. 8 - Will red blood cells crenate, hemolyze, or remain...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.107EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.108EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.109EPCh. 8 - Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size,...Ch. 8 - Will red blood cells crenate, hemolyze, or remain...Ch. 8 - Will red blood cells crenate, hemolyze, or remain...Ch. 8 - Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an...Ch. 8 - Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.115EPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.116EPCh. 8 - Which of the following aqueous solutions would...Ch. 8 - Which of the following aqueous solutions would...
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