(a)
Interpretation:
The highest vapor pressure for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Colligative properties: Properties of solutions which having influence on the concentration of the solute in it. Colligative properties are given below:
- Decrease in the vapor pressure
- Increase in the boiling point
- Decline in the freezing point
- Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure of a liquid: Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by vapors of liquids when the equilibrium is established between liquid and its vapor.
(b)
Interpretation:
The highest boiling point for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Boiling point is the temperature at which liquid turns into a gas. Example: boiling point of water is
Where,
Boiling point elevation
Where,
M is the molality of the solution
i is Van’t Hoff factor
Note:
The boiling point of one kilogram of water will be increase by
(c)
Interpretation:
The highest freezing point for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Freezing point is the temperature at which liquid turns into solid.
Freezing point depression
Where,
m- Molality of the solution
Note:
The freezing point of one kilogram of water will be lower by
(d)
Interpretation:
The highest osmolarity for 1.0 molar of glucose or 1.0 molar sodium chloride has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
In osmosis, the passage of solvent from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution occurs through a semipermeable membrane.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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