Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.113P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molarity of the hydrofluoric acid in the solution is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute in 1L of solution. This is mathematically represented as follows:

M=nV(inl)

Here, n is number of moles and v is volume of solution.

The pressure, volume, moles and temperature of a gas are related to each other according to an equation,

PV=nRT

Here, p is pressure, v is volume, n is number of moles, r is gas constant and t is temperature of the gas.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.113P

Thus, the molarity of the HF solution is 0.02498 M.

Explanation of Solution

The pressure, volume, moles and temperature of a gas are related to each other according to an equation,

PV=nRT

Here,

P = Pressure of HF gas = 0.601 atm.

V = Volume of HF gas = 1.00 L.

n = Moles of HF gas = it is to be found.

R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K.

T = Temperature in K = 20.0 CO = 20.0 + 273 = 293.0 K.

Putting the given values in the ideal gas equation, we get.

PV=nRT(0.601atm)(1.00L)=n(0.0821L.atmmol.K)(293.0K)n=0.601×1.000.0821×293.0n=0.02498 mol

Thus, the number of moles of HF = 0.02498 mol.

Now, the molarity of this solution is to be calculated.

M=nV(inl)=0.02498mol1.00L=0.02498 M

Thus, the molarity of the HF solution is 0.02498 M.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The acid ionization constant, Ka is to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Weak acids do not dissociate completely. Let HA be a weak acid. The dissociation of the weak acid can be represented by the chemical equation,

HA(aq)H+(aq)+A(aq)

The equation for acid dissociation constant can be written from this chemical equation.

Ka=[H+][A][HA].

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.113P

The acid dissociation constant of hydrofluoric acid is Ka=0.01472.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid. Hence, it does not dissociate completely. The dissociation of the given weak acid can be represented by the chemical equation,

HF(aq)H+(aq)+F(aq)

The equation for acid dissociation constant can be written from this chemical equation.

Ka=[H+][F][HF]

The concentrations of each of the ions at equilibrium can be obtained from the ICE table, where ICE represents the Initial, Change and Equilibrium concentrations of the weak acid.

                                            HF(aq)H+(aq)+F(aq)                              [HF]                   [H+]                       [F]i                      0.02498                         0                            0 C                         X                              +X                          +X e                     0.02498X                     +X                           +X

The hydrogen ion concentration can be obtained from the given pH. The pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

pH=log[H+]

The pH of the weak acid solution at equilibrium is 1.88. Thus, we can calculate the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

pH=log[H+][H+]=101.88=0.01318molL1X=[H+]=0.01318molL1

We calculated the “x” which is the concentration of hydrogen ion. The concentration of the anion is also “x”. Thus,

X=[F]=0.01318molL1

Now, we need to calculate the concentration of [HF]

[HF]=0.02498X=0.024980.01318=0.0118M

Thus, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is [HF] = 0.0118.

The concentrations of the anion, hydrogen ion and hydrofluoric acid are used in the equation used for acid dissociation constant.

Ka=[H+][F][HF]=[0.01318][0.01318]0.0118Ka=0.01472

Thus, the acid dissociation constant of hydrofluoric acid is Ka=0.01472.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 8.11 - Problem 8-11 What is the pH of a boric acid buffer...Ch. 8.12 - Prob. 8.12PCh. 8 - 8-13 Define (a) an Arrhenius acid and (b) an...Ch. 8 - 8-14 Write an equation for the reaction that takes...Ch. 8 - 8-15 Write an equation for the reaction that takes...Ch. 8 - 8-16 For each of the following, tell whether the...Ch. 8 - 8-17 For each of the following, tell whether the...Ch. 8 - 8-18 Which of these acids are monoprotic, which...Ch. 8 - 8-19 Define (a) a Brønsted—Lowry acid and (b) a...Ch. 8 - 8-20 Write the formula for the conjugate base of...Ch. 8 - 8-21 Write the formula for the conjugate base of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.22PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.23PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24PCh. 8 - 8-25 Draw the acid and base reactions for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.26PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27PCh. 8 - 8-28 Will carbon dioxide be evolved as a gas when...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.29PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.31PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.32PCh. 8 - 8-33 Write an equation for the reaction of HCI...Ch. 8 - 8-34 When a solution of sodium hydroxide is added...Ch. 8 - 8-35 Given the following values of [H3O+),...Ch. 8 - 8-36 Given the following values of [OH-],...Ch. 8 - 8-37 What is the pH of each solution given the...Ch. 8 - 8-38 What is the pH and pOH of each solution given...Ch. 8 - 8-39 What is the pH of each solution given the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.40PCh. 8 - 8-41 What is the [OH-] and pOH of each solution?...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.42PCh. 8 - 8-43 What is the molarity of a solution made by...Ch. 8 - 8-44 What is the molarity of a solution made by...Ch. 8 - 8-45 Describe how you would prepare each of the...Ch. 8 - 8-46 If 25.0 mL of an aqueous solution of H2SO4...Ch. 8 - 8-47 A sample of 27.0 mL of 0.310 M NaOH is...Ch. 8 - 8-48 A 0.300 M solution of H2SO4 was used to...Ch. 8 - 8-49 A solution of NaOH base was titrated with...Ch. 8 - 8-50 The usual concentration of HCO3- ions in...Ch. 8 - 8-51 What is the end point of a titration?Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.52PCh. 8 - 8-53 Write equations to show what happens when, to...Ch. 8 - 8-54 Write equations to show what happens when, to...Ch. 8 - 8-55 We commonly refer to a buffer as consisting...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.56PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57PCh. 8 - 8-58 What is the connection between buffer action...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.59PCh. 8 - 8-60 How is the buffer capacity affected by the...Ch. 8 - 8-61 Can 100 of 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2...Ch. 8 - 8-62 What is the pH of a buffer solution made by...Ch. 8 - 8-63 The pH of a solution made by dissolving 1.0...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.64PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65PCh. 8 - 8-66 Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.67PCh. 8 - 8-68 If you have 100 mL of a 0.1 M buffer made of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.69PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70PCh. 8 - 8-71 Explain why you do not need to know the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.72PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75PCh. 8 - 8-76 (Chemical Connections 8B) Name the most...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.77PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78PCh. 8 - 8-79 (Chemical Connections 8D) Another form of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.80PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81PCh. 8 - 8-82 Assume that you have a dilute solution of HCI...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85PCh. 8 - 8-86 Following are three organic acids and the...Ch. 8 - 8-87 The pKavalue of barbituric acid is 5.0. If...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.88PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.90PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.91PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92PCh. 8 - 8-93 Do a 1.0 M CH3COOH solution and a 1.0 M HCI...Ch. 8 - 8-94 Suppose you wish to make a buffer whose pH is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.95PCh. 8 - 8-96 Suppose you want to make a CH3COOH/CH3COO-...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.97PCh. 8 - 8-98 When a solution prepared by dissolving 4.00 g...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.99PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.100PCh. 8 - 8-101 Suppose you have an aqueous solution...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.102PCh. 8 - 8-103 Suppose you have a phosphate buffer...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106PCh. 8 - 8-107 Following are pH ranges for several human...Ch. 8 - 8-108 What is the ratio of HPO42-/H2PO4- in a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.109PCh. 8 - 8-110 A concentrated hydrochloric acid solution...Ch. 8 - 8-111 The volume of an adult's stomach ranges from...Ch. 8 - 8-112 Consider an initial 0.040 M hypobromous acid...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.113PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114PCh. 8 - 8-115 When a solution prepared by dissolving 0.125...Ch. 8 - 8-116 A railroad tank car derails and spills 26...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.117P
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