Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321978271
Author: Robert Gould, Colleen N. Ryan
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 63SE
To determine
Test whether those who take idel have a better chance of surviving than those taking placebo.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In July 2008 the US National Institutes of Health announced that it was stopping a clinical study early because of unexpected results. The study population consisted of HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa who had been given single dose Nevaripine (a treatment for HIV) while giving birth, to prevent transmission of HIV to the infant. The study was a randomized comparison of continued treatment of a woman (after successful childbirth) with Nevaripine vs. Lopinavir, a second drug used to treat HIV. 240 women participated in the study; 120 were randomized to each of the two treatments. Twenty-four weeks after starting the study treatment, each woman was tested to determine if the HIV infection was becoming worse (an outcome called virologic failure). Twenty-six of the 120 women treated with Nevaripine experienced virologic failure, while 10 of the 120 women treated with the other drug experienced virologic failure.
1) Complete the hypothesis test and find the test statistic and…
In July 2008 the US National Institutes of Health announced that it was stopping a clinical study early because
of unexpected results. The study population consisted of HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa who had
been given single dose Nevaripine (a treatment for HIV) while giving birth, to prevent transmission of HIV to
the infant. The study was a randomized comparison of continued treatment of the woman (after successful
childbirth) with Nevaripine vs. Lopinavir, a second drug used to treat HIV. 240 women participated in the
study; 120 were randomized to each of the two treatments. Twenty-four weeks after starting the study
treatment, each woman was tested to determine if the HIV infection was becoming worse (an outcome called
virologic failure). Twenty-six of the 120 women treated with Nevaripine experienced virologic failure, while 1o
of the 120 women treated with the other drug experienced virologic failure.
a) State appropriate hypotheses to test for independence of…
An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association documents the results of a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate whether the influenza vaccine is effective in reducing the occurrence of acute Otitis media (AOM) in young children. Acute otitis media is an infection that causes inflammation of the middle ear canal. In the study, children were randomized to receive either the influenza vaccine or a placebo. The children were followed for one year after randomization, and monitored for AOM during this period. 262 children were randomized to the vaccine group, and 150 of these children experienced at least one incident of AOM during the follow-up period. 134 children were randomized to the placebo group, and 83 of these children experience at least one incident of AOM during the follow-up period.
Estimate a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of children experiencing at least one incident of AOM in the group that received the Influenza Vaccine.Estimate a 95%…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers given. The null...Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers in each case. In...Ch. 8 - Boot Camp (Example 1) Suppose an experiment is...Ch. 8 - Scrubs A research hospital tries a new antibiotic...Ch. 8 - Magic A magician claims he can cause a coin to...Ch. 8 - Water A friend is tested to see whether he can...Ch. 8 - Heart Attack Prevention A new drug is being tested...Ch. 8 - Stroke Survival Rate The proportion of people who...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips (Example 2) A coin is flipped 30 times...Ch. 8 - Die Rolls You roll a six-sided die 30 times and...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11SECh. 8 - Multiple-Choice Test A teacher is giving an exam...Ch. 8 - Dropouts According to Time magazine (June 11,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14SECh. 8 - Boot Camp, Again (Example 4) Refer to Exercise...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16SECh. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi (Example 5) Suppose you are...Ch. 8 - St. Louis Jury Pool St. Louis County is 24 African...Ch. 8 - Coke vs. Pepsi (Example 6) Suppose you are testing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20SECh. 8 - Cheating? A professor creates two versions of a 20...Ch. 8 - Guessing A 20-question multiple choice quiz has...Ch. 8 - Dreaming (Example 7) A 2003 study of dreaming...Ch. 8 - Age Discrimination About 30 of the population in...Ch. 8 - Marriage Obsolete (Example 8) When asked whether...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26SECh. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi A taste test is done to see...Ch. 8 - Seat Belts Suppose we are testing people to see...Ch. 8 - Sleep Walking (Example 9) According to Time...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30SECh. 8 - Sleep Walking, Again (Example 10) According to...Ch. 8 - Women CEOs, Again the percentage of female CEOs in...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, indicate whether the...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, state whether the shaded...Ch. 8 - Gun Control Historically, the percentage of U.S....Ch. 8 - Death Penalty A Pew Poll in November 2011 showed...Ch. 8 - Prob. 37SECh. 8 - Plane Crashes According to one source, 50 of plane...Ch. 8 - Mercury in Freshwater Fish Some experts believe...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40SECh. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of ts Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of as Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - p-Values (Example 11) A researcher carried out a...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips A test is conducted in which a coin is...Ch. 8 - Errors with Pennies (Example 12) Suppose you are...Ch. 8 - Errors with Toast Suppose you are testing someone...Ch. 8 - Blackstone on Errors in Trials Sir William...Ch. 8 - Alpha By establishing a small value for the...Ch. 8 - Flaws (Example 13) A person spinning a 1962 penny...Ch. 8 - Flaws The null hypothesis on true/false tests is...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Effectiveness of Financial Incentives A...Ch. 8 - Is it acceptable practice to look at your research...Ch. 8 - If we reject the null hypothesis, can we claim to...Ch. 8 - If we do not reject the null hypothesis, is it...Ch. 8 - When a person stands trial for murder, the jury is...Ch. 8 - When, in a criminal court, a defendant is found...Ch. 8 - Arthritis A magazine advertisement claims that...Ch. 8 - No-Carb Diet A weight-loss diet claims that it...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 63SECh. 8 - Prob. 64SECh. 8 - Prob. 65SECh. 8 - Prob. 66SECh. 8 - Prob. 67SECh. 8 - Prob. 68SECh. 8 - Smiling and Gender (Example 15) In a 1997 study,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 70SECh. 8 - Prob. 71CRECh. 8 - Prob. 72CRECh. 8 - Choosing a Test and Giving the Hypotheses Give the...Ch. 8 - Choosing a Test and Naming the Population(s) In...Ch. 8 - Prob. 75CRECh. 8 - Butter Taste Test A man is tested to determine...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79CRECh. 8 - Coin Flips Suppose you tested 50 coins by flipping...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81CRECh. 8 - Prob. 82CRECh. 8 - Prob. 83CRECh. 8 - Weight Loss in Men Many polls have asked people...Ch. 8 - Prob. 85CRECh. 8 - Prob. 86CRECh. 8 - Prob. 87CRECh. 8 - Prob. 88CRECh. 8 - Wording of Polls A poll in California (done by the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90CRECh. 8 - Three-Strikes Law California’s controversial...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92CRECh. 8 - Prob. 93CRECh. 8 - Prob. 94CRECh. 8 - A friend claims he can predict the suit of a card...Ch. 8 - A friend claims he can predict how a six-sided die...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Judging on the basis of...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Refer to Exercise 8.97....Ch. 8 - Texting While Driving The mother of a teenager has...Ch. 8 - True/False Test A teacher giving a true/false test...Ch. 8 - ESP Suppose a friend says he can predict whether a...Ch. 8 - ESP Again Suppose a friend says he can predict...Ch. 8 - Does Hand Washing Save Lives? In the mid-1800s,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 104CRECh. 8 - Guessing on a True/False Test A true/false test...Ch. 8 - Guessing on a Multiple-Choice Test A...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Diabetes, Obstetrics Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk for long-term weight gain and subsequent development of type II diabetes. A pilot weight loss clinical trial was conducted where women with GDM were randomized to either an active intervention using a web-based delivery or a control intervention. Women were randomized at 6 weeks postpartum and then were seen at follow-up visits at 6 months and 12 months postpartum. At 12 months postpartum, women in the active group lost a mean of 0.22 lb with a standard deviation of 15.5 lbs. Hint: For all parts of this problem, assume that weights can be measured exactly and no continuity correction is necessary. USE SALT (a) If we assume that the change in weight from pre-pregnancy to 12 months is normally distributed, then what percent of women in the active group were at or below their pre-pregnancy weight at 12 months postpartum? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) % (b) At 12 months postpartum, women…arrow_forwardThe results of a multicenter clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of the pancreatic lipase inhibitor, Xenical, was reported (Ingersoll, 1997). Xenical is used to block the absorption of dietary fat. The article reported that more than 4000 patients in the U.S. and Europe were randomized to receive Xenical or a placebo in a parallel groups study. After one year, 57% of those receiving Xenical had lost at least 5% of their body weight, as opposed to 31% of those receiving a placebo. Assume that exactly 4000 patients were in the study, and that 2000 were randomized to receive a placebo and 2000 received Xenical. Please Compute a 95% confidence interval for the “relative risk” of losing at least 5% of body weight for those receiving Xenical relative to those receiving placebo. Can the drug be considered effective?arrow_forwardCalcium and Blood Pressure Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce blood pressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers therefore designed a randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 21 healthy men who volunteered to take part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 10 of the men received a calcium supplement for 12 weeks, while the control group of 11 men received a placebo pill that looked identical. The experiment was double-blind. The response variable is the decrease in systolic (top number) blood pressure for a subject after 12 weeks, in millimeters of mercury. An increase appears as a negative number. Do the data provide convincing evidence that a calcium supplement reduces blood pressure more than a placebo, on average, for subjects like the ones in this study? Group 1 (calcium) Group (placebo)…arrow_forward
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardBased on the results presented, did the exercise intervention groups still receive a health benefit even if significant weight loss did not occur? Explain.arrow_forwardMost cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forward
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and P2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardThe Physicians' Health Study was a randomized clinical trial, one goal of which was to assess the effect of aspirin in preventing myocardial infarction (MI). Participants were 22,000 male physicians ages 40-84 and free of cardiovascular disease in 1982. The physicians were randomized to either active aspirin (one white pill containing 325 mg of aspirin taken every other day) or aspirin placebo (one white placebo pill taken every other day). Suppose we assume that the incidence of MI is 0.005 per year among participants who actually take placebo and that aspirin prevents 20% of MIs. How many participants need to be enrolled in each group to have an **80%** chance of detecting a significant difference using a **one-sided test** with $\alpha=0.05$ if **compliance is perfect**?arrow_forwardConsider a proposed case-control study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and maternal boba tea consumption in Irvine. Assume that 20% of Irvine mothers are regular consumers (at least 3 servings per week) of boba tea, and that the prevalence of ASD is 1/59 (making it a somewhat rare disease). Also assume that 50% of Irvine mothers who regularly consume boba tea prefer black milk tea, that the prevalence of regular boba tea consumption among mothers of autistic children is 25%, that each participant will be paid $30 to join the study, and that there are at least 1,000 mothers of autistic children and at least 100,000 mothers of non-autistic children in Irvine who are willing to participate in the study if compensated. If these assumptions are correct, what is the odds ratio describing the association between regular boba tea consumption and ASD? HINT: Recall that the disease odds ratio is equal to the exposure odds ratio.arrow_forward
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardMost cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardA pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug called Antisubcillin to treat substance use disorder. They have just completed an experiment assessing the safety of the drug. To test safety, 100 rats were given 20 mg of Antisubcillin and 100 rats were given a placebo. The study was conducted as a double-blind controlled study and so the researchers did not know which rats were receiving the drug and which were receiving the placebo. The number of negative side effects displayed by each rat over the course of 8 weeks was recorded. Which statistical test should be used to analyze these data? z test one-sample t test independent samples t test dependent samples t testarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Hypothesis Testing - Solving Problems With Proportions; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76VruarGn2Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals (FRM Part 1 – Book 2 – Chapter 5); Author: Analystprep;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vth3yZIUlGQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY